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7.8 KiB
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151 lines
7.8 KiB
Plaintext
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, initial-scale=1.0" />
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<title>Photopea - The Structure</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://blog.photopea.com/wp-content/themes/simplex/style.css" type="text/css" media="screen" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,400i,700,700i" />
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="page">
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<div id="header">
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<a href="//www.photopea.com/learn/" class="title">Learn Photopea</a>
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<!--<p>Web-based image editor.</p>-->
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<a href="//blog.photopea.com">Blog</a> |
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<a class="curr" href="//www.photopea.com/learn">Learn</a> |
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<a href="//www.photopea.com/tuts">Tutorials</a> |
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<a href="//www.photopea.com/templates">Templates</a> |
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<a href="//www.photopea.com/api">API</a> |
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<a href="//www.facebook.com/photopea"><img src="//photopea.com/img/facebook.svg" /></a> |
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<a href="//www.twitter.com/photopeacom"><img src="//photopea.com/img/twitter.svg" /></a>
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</div>
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<div id="main" style="max-width:1000px;">
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<div id="sidebar" style="width:22%;">
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<h3>Topics</h3>
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<ul>
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<li class="lvl0"><a href="/learn/">Introduction</a></li>
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<li class="lvl0"><a href="/learn/workspace">Workspace</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/opening-saving">Open and Save</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/navigation">Navigation</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/image-size">Image size</a></li>
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<li class="lvl0"><a href="/learn/layers">Layers</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/masks">Masks</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/layer-styles">Layer Styles</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/smart-objects">Smart Objects</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/other-layers">Other Layers</a></li>
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<li class="lvl0"><a href="/learn/layer-manipulation">Layer Editing</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/free-transform">Free Transform</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/adjustments-filters">Adjust. & Filters</a></li>
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<li class="lvl0"><a href="/learn/selections">Selections</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/creating-selections">Make Selections</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/advanced-selecting">Advanced Selecting</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/refine-edge">Refine Edge</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/moving-selected-data">Move Selected Data</a></li>
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<li class="lvl0"><a href="/learn/brush-tools">Brush Tools</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/bt-basic">Basic Tools</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/bt-advanced">Advanced Tools</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/bt-smart">Smart Tools</a></li>
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<li class="lvl0"><a href="/learn/text">Text</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/text-style">Text Style</a></li>
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<li class="lvl0"><a href="/learn/vector-graphics">Vector Graphics</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1 active"><a href="/learn/vg-structure">The Structure</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/vg-manipulation">Editing Shapes</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/vg-creating">Creating Shapes</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/vg-vectorize">Vectorize Bitmap</a></li>
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<li class="lvl0"><a href="/learn/other">Other</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/color-spaces">Color Spaces</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/guides-grid-snapping">Guides & Snapping</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/animations">Animations</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/slices">Slices</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/layer-comps">Layer Comps</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/actions">Actions</a></li>
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<li class="lvl1"><a href="/learn/scripts">Scripts</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div id="content" style="width:78%;">
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<div class="post">
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<h1>The structure</h1>
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<p>The content of a vector mask (or a shape layer) is called a <b>Shape</b>. The Shape consists of several <b>Paths</b>.
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A Path consists of multiple <b>Knots</b>. Each knot consists of three points: the <b>anchor</b> and two <b>handles</b>.</p>
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<p>Here we see a shape consisting of four paths. The path on the right consists of five knots. The knot consists of an anchor (in the middle) and two handles.</p>
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<img class="fullw" src="//i.imgur.com/Ojp1HRL.png" />
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<h2>Path</h2>
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<p>There can be several paths within a shape. Paths have a fixed order (the first, the second, the third ...).
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Each path has some <b>boolean operation</b>, which defines, how the path (e.g. the fourth path) is combined with the content under it (i.e. paths 1, 2 and 3).
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Boolean operations are <b>Union</b>, <b>Subtract</b>, <b>Intersect</b> and <b>Exclude</b>.</p>
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<p>Here we see four shapes with two paths in each shape. The second path (the ellipse) has different boolean operations.</p>
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<img class="fullw" src="//i.imgur.com/aNkQlWi.png" />
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<p>When all paths have the Union operation, their order is not important. But e.g. when some path has a Subtract operation, reordering paths may produce a different result.</p>
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<p>Paths can be open or closed. Open path means, that the first and the last knot are connected with a straight line (ignoring the adjacent handles).</p>
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<h2>Knots</h2>
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<p>A path consists of a sequence of knots. Each two consecutive knots are connected with a curve segment, that is shaped by adjacent handles.
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A knot can be <b>linked / smooth</b> (both handles are located in a line with the anchor) or <b>unlinked / corner</b> (handles have arbitrary locations).
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A linked knot guarantees the smooth curve, while an unlinked knot usually creates a corner.</p>
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<p>A linked knot is visualised with a circle anchor, while an unlinked one has a square anchor.</p>
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<img src="//i.imgur.com/Ohv874p.png" />
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<p>The handle of the knot is <b>collapsed</b>, when it is located at the location of the anchor point.
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When all knots in a path have collapsed handles, then the path consists only of straight line segments (i.e. it is a polygon).</p>
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<h2>The Look</h2>
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<p>While vector masks simply hide the portion of a layer, Shape Layers have more interesting properties.
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Each Shape Layer has <b>a Fill and a Stroke</b> value. Fill and Stroke can have one of four values: <b>None, Color, Gradient and Pattern</b>.
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Combine different values of Fill and Stroke to create various styles. Have a look at possible combinations.</p>
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<img class="fullw" src="//i.imgur.com/G0pYcNo.png" />
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<p>Stroke can have many parameters: Line thickness, position: Inside, Center, Outside, corner shape, gaps (dashed line) etc.
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When your shape contains just a single open path, the first and the last knot will not be connected inside a stroke.</p>
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<h3>Change the look</h3>
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<p>When any vector tool is enabled (e.g. a Pen tool or a Rectangle tool), the top menu shows the Fill and the Stroke parameters of a current shape layer.
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You can change these parameters there.
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</p>
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<img class="fullw" src="//i.imgur.com/K3IQ6Lp.png" />
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</div>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 4em">Comments</h2>
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<p>Do you need help? Ask us at <a href="//www.reddit.com/r/photopea/" target="_blank">our Reddit</a>!</p>
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