Grounded procedural trees

- Compact connected roots extend bounded gaps into supporting terrain
- Unsupported cliff placements leave no partial trees
- Root and canopy roles follow object scaling and rotation
- Canopies preserve solid trunk cells across chunk replay and saved continuations
- Branch wood replaces leaf clusters within each tree
- Regression tests cover slopes and overlapping tree placements
- Gameplay checks compare grounded spindle geometry across both packs

adapters/bukkit/plugin/src/test/gameplay/tree-grounding.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+import { readFile, realpath } from 'node:fs/promises'
+import path from 'node:path'
+
+const nonGround = new Set(['air', 'cave_air', 'void_air', 'water', 'lava', 'nether_wart_block', 'warped_wart_block'])
+const chunkOffsets = [-56, -40, -24, -8, 8, 24, 40, 56]
+
+function isWood(block) {
+  return block !== null && /_(wood|hyphae|log|stem)$/.test(block.name)
+}
+
+function isGround(block) {
+  return block !== null && block.boundingBox === 'block' && !nonGround.has(block.name)
+    && !block.name.endsWith('_leaves') && !isWood(block)
+}
+
+function positionKey(position) {
+  return `${position.x},${position.y},${position.z}`
+}
+
+function groundSpread(bot, base) {
+  const heights = []
+  for (const x of [-3, 0, 3]) {
+    for (const z of [-3, 0, 3]) {
+      for (let y = base.y + 6; y >= base.y - 8; y--) {
+        if (!isGround(bot.blockAt(base.offset(x, y - base.y, z)))) continue
+        heights.push(y)
+        break
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return heights.length === 9 ? Math.max(...heights) - Math.min(...heights) : null
+}
+
+function inspectTrees(context) {
+  const bot = context.bot
+  const center = bot.entity.position.floored()
+  const woodIds = Object.values(bot.registry.blocksByName).filter(isWood).map(block => block.id)
+  const positions = bot.findBlocks({ matching: woodIds, point: center, maxDistance: 64, count: 20000 })
+  const columns = new Map()
+  for (const position of positions) {
+    const key = `${position.x},${position.z}`
+    if (!columns.has(key)) columns.set(key, [])
+    columns.get(key).push(position)
+  }
+  const trees = []
+  for (const column of columns.values()) {
+    column.sort((first, second) => first.y - second.y)
+    const base = column[0]
+    const height = column[column.length - 1].y - base.y + 1
+    if (column.length < 8 || height < 8 || column.length / height < 0.65) continue
+    if (column.some(position => position.distanceTo(center) >= 60)) continue
+    if (![0, 1, 2, 3].every(y => isWood(bot.blockAt(base.offset(0, y, 0))))) continue
+    const upperGaps = []
+    for (let y = base.y; y < base.y + height; y++) {
+      const block = bot.blockAt(base.offset(0, y - base.y, 0))
+      if (block === null || !isWood(block)) upperGaps.push({ y, block: block?.name ?? null })
+    }
+    const grounded = isGround(bot.blockAt(base.offset(0, -1, 0)))
+    const spread = groundSpread(bot, base)
+    trees.push({ base: { x: base.x, y: base.y, z: base.z }, woodBlocks: column.length,
+      height, grounded, terrainSpread: spread, upperGaps })
+  }
+  return trees
+}
+
+export default {
+  name: 'iris-tree-grounding',
+  description: 'Verify grounded spindle bases, continuous overlapping trunks, and paired pack geometry.',
+  async run(context) {
+    const directory = await realpath(context.server.directory)
+    const source = await readFile(path.join(directory, '.server-source'), 'utf8')
+    context.expect(/^isolated=true\s*$/m.test(source), 'Tree generation requires an isolated instance')
+    const packs = await realpath(path.join(directory, 'plugins', 'Iris', 'packs'))
+    context.expect(packs.startsWith(`${directory}${path.sep}`), 'Tree tests require local pack copies')
+    context.report.treeWorlds = []
+    context.report.treeGrounding = []
+    context.report.treeContinuity = []
+    for (const pack of ['overworld', 'underworld']) {
+      const dimension = JSON.parse(await readFile(path.join(packs, pack, 'dimensions', `${pack}.json`), 'utf8'))
+      context.expect(dimension.focus === 'estranged/spindlewood', 'Pack must focus on spindlewood', { pack })
+      await context.step(`create ${pack} spindle world`, async () => {
+        const world = `tree_${pack}_${Date.now().toString(36)}`
+        const response = await context.command(`/iris create name=${world} type=${pack} seed=78264193`,
+          /Successfully created your world|Failed to create/, 240000)
+        context.expect(response.includes('Successfully created your world'), response)
+        context.report.treeWorlds.push({ pack, name: world, seed: 78264193, biome: dimension.focus })
+        if (context.bot.game.gameMode !== 'spectator') {
+          await context.command('/minecraft:gamemode spectator', /spectator/i, 30000)
+        }
+        await context.waitUntil(() => context.bot.game.gameMode === 'spectator',
+          { label: 'Spectator mode for terrain inspection', timeoutMs: 30000, intervalMs: 100 })
+      })
+      await context.step(`${pack} trees connect to flat and sloped terrain`, async () => {
+        const origin = context.bot.entity.position.floored()
+        const inspected = new Map()
+        for (const offset of [0, 80, 160]) {
+          await context.command(`/minecraft:tp @s ${origin.x + offset + 0.5} ${origin.y + 12} ${origin.z + 0.5}`,
+            /Teleported/i, 30000)
+          await context.waitUntil(() => {
+            const center = context.bot.entity.position.floored()
+            if (Math.abs(center.x - origin.x - offset) > 1) return false
+            return chunkOffsets.every(x => chunkOffsets.every(z => context.bot.blockAt(center.offset(x, 0, z)) !== null))
+          }, { label: 'Complete terrain neighborhood', timeoutMs: 90000, intervalMs: 250 })
+          const trees = inspectTrees(context)
+          for (const tree of trees) {
+            context.expect(tree.grounded, 'Generated spindle trunk base has no terrain connection', { pack, ...tree })
+            inspected.set(positionKey(tree.base), tree)
+          }
+          if (inspected.size >= 8 && [...inspected.values()].some(tree => tree.terrainSpread >= 2)) break
+        }
+        const trees = [...inspected.values()]
+        const sloped = trees.filter(tree => tree.terrainSpread >= 2)
+        context.expect(trees.length >= 8, 'Expected at least eight generated spindle trunk bases', { pack, trees })
+        context.expect(sloped.length > 0, 'Expected a grounded tree on uneven terrain', { pack, trees })
+        context.report.treeGrounding.push({ pack, trees: trees.length, sloped: sloped.length, samples: trees })
+      })
+      await context.step(`${pack} overlapping canopy preserves the seeded main trunk`, async () => {
+        await context.command('/minecraft:tp @s 0.5 88 0.5', /Teleported/i, 30000)
+        await context.waitUntil(() => {
+          const center = context.bot.entity.position.floored()
+          return Math.abs(center.x) < 2 && Math.abs(center.z) < 2
+            && context.bot.blockAt(center.offset(-7 - center.x, 69 - center.y, 6 - center.z)) !== null
+        }, { label: 'Seeded trunk neighborhood', timeoutMs: 90000, intervalMs: 250 })
+        const center = context.bot.entity.position.floored()
+        const blocks = []
+        for (let y = 69; y <= 83; y++) {
+          const block = context.bot.blockAt(center.offset(-7 - center.x, y - center.y, 6 - center.z))
+          context.expect(isWood(block), 'Overlapping canopy interrupted the seeded main trunk',
+            { pack, x: -7, y, z: 6, block: block?.name ?? null })
+          blocks.push({ y, block: block.name })
+        }
+        context.report.treeContinuity.push({ pack, x: -7, z: 6, blocks })
+      })
+    }
+    await context.step('paired packs retain matching sampled tree geometry', async () => {
+      const geometry = context.report.treeGrounding.map(result => result.samples.map(tree => ({
+        base: tree.base, woodBlocks: tree.woodBlocks, height: tree.height, terrainSpread: tree.terrainSpread
+      })).sort((first, second) => positionKey(first.base).localeCompare(positionKey(second.base))))
+      context.expect(JSON.stringify(geometry[0]) === JSON.stringify(geometry[1]),
+        'Paired spindle packs produced different sampled geometry', { geometry })
+    })
+  }
+}

core/src/main/java/art/arcane/iris/generation/decoration/tree/IrisProceduralTree.java

@@ -242,11 +242,11 @@ public class IrisProceduralTree implements IrisProceduralPlacement {
     private IrisTreeRootStyle rootStyle = IrisTreeRootStyle.BUTTRESS;
 
     @MinNumber(0)
-    @Description("Override the root depth/reach in blocks. 0 means auto (scales with tree height).")
+    @Description("Root depth in blocks, also used for ground-contact extension up to 16 blocks. 0 scales with tree height.")
     private int rootDepth = 0;
 
     @MinNumber(0)
-    @Description("Override the root flare radius in blocks. 0 means auto.")
+    @Description("Horizontal reach of buttress and stilt roots. 0 uses a compact radius based on trunk width. Taproots ignore this field.")
     private double rootFlare = 0;
 
     @MinNumber(1)

core/src/main/java/art/arcane/iris/generation/decoration/tree/ProceduralTreeGenerator.java

@@ -40,6 +40,12 @@ public final class ProceduralTreeGenerator {
         long baseSeed = rng.getSeed();
 
         List<TreeTrunkBuilder.Limb> limbs = TreeTrunkBuilder.build(canvas, tree, height);
+        Set<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec> supportPositions = new HashSet<>();
+        for (TreeBlockCanvas.Vec position : canvas.getTrunk()) {
+            if (position.y() == 0) {
+                supportPositions.add(position);
+            }
+        }
 
         boolean wantEndpoints = tree.getDecorators() != null && !tree.getDecorators().isEmpty();
         List<int[]> branchEndpoints = wantEndpoints ? new ArrayList<>() : null;
@@ -55,7 +61,13 @@ public final class ProceduralTreeGenerator {
         }
 
         if (tree.isRoots()) {
+            Set<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec> existingWood = new HashSet<>(canvas.getTrunk());
             TreeRootBuilder.build(canvas, tree, height, baseSeed);
+            for (TreeBlockCanvas.Vec position : canvas.getTrunk()) {
+                if (position.y() <= 0 && !existingWood.contains(position)) {
+                    supportPositions.add(position);
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         if (tree.isPlausible()) {
@@ -82,10 +94,14 @@ public final class ProceduralTreeGenerator {
 
         TreePlausibility.apply(resolved, trunkPositions, leafPositions, tree);
 
-        return assemble(resolved);
+        int rootReach = tree.isRoots() ? tree.getRootDepth() > 0 ? tree.getRootDepth()
+                : Math.max(2, (int) Math.round(height * 0.18)) : 0;
+        return assemble(resolved, supportPositions, leafPositions, rootReach);
     }
 
-    private static IrisObject assemble(Map<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec, NativeBlockState> resolved) {
+    private static IrisObject assemble(Map<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec, NativeBlockState> resolved,
+                                       Set<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec> supportPositions,
+                                       Set<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec> leafPositions, int rootReach) {
         if (resolved.isEmpty()) {
             return null;
         }
@@ -105,21 +121,26 @@ public final class ProceduralTreeGenerator {
             maxZ = Math.max(maxZ, v.z());
         }
 
-        int w = maxX - minX + 1;
+        int w = 2 * Math.max(Math.abs(minX), Math.abs(maxX)) + 1;
         int h = maxY - minY + 1;
-        int d = maxZ - minZ + 1;
+        int d = 2 * Math.max(Math.abs(minZ), Math.abs(maxZ)) + 1;
-        int cx = w / 2;
         int cy = h / 2;
-        int cz = d / 2;
 
         IrisObject object = new IrisObject(w, h, d);
+        List<TreeGrounding.Root> roots = new ArrayList<>(supportPositions.size());
+        Set<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec> canopy = new HashSet<>(leafPositions.size());
         for (Map.Entry<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec, NativeBlockState> entry : resolved.entrySet()) {
             TreeBlockCanvas.Vec v = entry.getKey();
-            int nx = v.x() - minX - cx;
             int ny = v.y() - cy + 1;
-            int nz = v.z() - minZ - cz;
+            object.getBlocks().put(new IrisBlockVector(v.x(), ny, v.z()), entry.getValue());
-            object.getBlocks().put(new IrisBlockVector(nx, ny, nz), entry.getValue());
+            if (supportPositions.contains(v)) {
+                roots.add(new TreeGrounding.Root(v.x(), ny, v.z(), entry.getValue()));
+            }
+            if (leafPositions.contains(v)) {
+                canopy.add(new TreeBlockCanvas.Vec(v.x(), ny, v.z()));
+            }
         }
+        object.setTreeGrounding(TreeGrounding.create(roots, rootReach, canopy));
 
         return object;
     }

core/src/main/java/art/arcane/iris/generation/decoration/tree/TreeCanopyBuilder.java

@@ -335,7 +335,9 @@ public final class TreeCanopyBuilder {
             int x = (int) Math.round(ox + dx * t);
             int y = (int) Math.round(oy + dy * t - sagBlocks * t * t);
             int z = (int) Math.round(oz + dz * t);
-            if (!canvas.has(x, y, z)) {
+            TreeBlockCanvas.Cell existing = canvas.get(x, y, z);
+            if (existing == null || existing.role() == TreeBlockCanvas.Role.LEAF
+                    || existing.role() == TreeBlockCanvas.Role.SECONDARY_LEAF) {
                 canvas.setTrunk(x, y, z, TreeBlockCanvas.Role.TRUNK, axis);
             }
             tip = new int[]{x, y, z};

core/src/main/java/art/arcane/iris/generation/decoration/tree/TreeGrounding.java

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+package art.arcane.iris.generation.decoration.tree;
+
+import art.arcane.iris.generation.geometry.IrisBlockVector;
+import art.arcane.iris.generation.runtime.Engine;
+import art.arcane.iris.pack.loading.IrisData;
+import art.arcane.iris.structure.object.IObjectPlacer;
+import art.arcane.iris.structure.object.IrisObjectPlacement;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.nativelib.terrain.NativeBlockState;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.nativelib.terrain.structure.NativeStructureVolume;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.util.collection.KList;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.util.math.BlockPosition;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+public record TreeGrounding(List<Root> roots, int maxExtension, Set<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec> canopy) {
+    public TreeGrounding {
+        roots = List.copyOf(roots);
+        maxExtension = Math.max(0, Math.min(16, maxExtension));
+        canopy = Set.copyOf(canopy);
+    }
+
+    public static TreeGrounding create(List<Root> roots, int maxExtension, Set<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec> canopy) {
+        Map<Long, Root> columns = new HashMap<>();
+        for (Root root : roots) {
+            long key = ((long) root.x() << 32) | (root.z() & 0xffffffffL);
+            Root previous = columns.get(key);
+            if (previous == null || root.y() < previous.y()) {
+                columns.put(key, root);
+            }
+        }
+        List<Root> lowest = new ArrayList<>(columns.values());
+        lowest.sort(Comparator.comparingInt(Root::x).thenComparingInt(Root::z));
+        return new TreeGrounding(lowest, maxExtension, canopy);
+    }
+
+    public boolean isCanopy(int x, int y, int z) {
+        return canopy.contains(new TreeBlockCanvas.Vec(x, y, z));
+    }
+
+    public KList<IrisBlockVector> supportOffsets() {
+        KList<IrisBlockVector> offsets = new KList<>();
+        for (Root root : roots) {
+            offsets.add(new IrisBlockVector(root.x(), root.y(), root.z()));
+        }
+        return offsets;
+    }
+
+    public Plan plan(IObjectPlacer placer, Placement placement) {
+        List<Extension> extensions = new ArrayList<>();
+        IrisObjectPlacement config = placement.config();
+        BlockPosition origin = placement.origin();
+        BlockPosition spin = placement.spin();
+        int solidDepth = Math.max(1, config.getSurfaceSupportDepth());
+        for (Root root : roots) {
+            IrisBlockVector offset = config.getRotation().rotate(
+                    new IrisBlockVector(root.x(), root.y(), root.z()), spin.getX(), spin.getY(), spin.getZ());
+            offset = config.getTranslate().translate(offset, config.getRotation(), spin.getX(), spin.getY(), spin.getZ());
+            int x = origin.getX() + (int) Math.round(offset.getX());
+            int y = origin.getY() + (int) Math.round(offset.getY());
+            int z = origin.getZ() + (int) Math.round(offset.getZ());
+            int surface = placer.getHighest(x, z, placement.data(), true);
+            int contact = Math.min(surface, y - 1);
+            if (y - contact - 1 > maxExtension) {
+                return Plan.UNSUPPORTED;
+            }
+            for (int below = 0; below < solidDepth; below++) {
+                if (placer.isCarved(x, contact - below, z) || !placer.isSurfaceSolid(x, contact - below, z)) {
+                    return Plan.UNSUPPORTED;
+                }
+            }
+            if (contact < y - 1) {
+                NativeBlockState state = config.getRotation().rotate(root.state(), spin.getX(), spin.getY(), spin.getZ());
+                if (state == null) {
+                    return Plan.UNSUPPORTED;
+                }
+                Extension extension = new Extension(x, y - 1, contact, z, state);
+                if (intersectsStructure(placer, extension)) {
+                    return Plan.UNSUPPORTED;
+                }
+                extensions.add(extension);
+            }
+        }
+        return new Plan(!roots.isEmpty(), List.copyOf(extensions));
+    }
+
+    private static boolean intersectsStructure(IObjectPlacer placer, Extension extension) {
+        Engine engine = placer.getEngine();
+        if (engine == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        KList<NativeStructureVolume> volumes = engine.getNativeStructureVolumes(
+                extension.x(), extension.z(), extension.x(), extension.z());
+        if (volumes == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (NativeStructureVolume volume : volumes) {
+            if (volume.intersects(extension.x(), extension.bottomY() + engine.getMinHeight(), extension.z(),
+                    extension.x(), extension.topY() + engine.getMinHeight(), extension.z())) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public record Root(int x, int y, int z, NativeBlockState state) {
+    }
+
+    public record Placement(IrisData data, IrisObjectPlacement config, BlockPosition origin, BlockPosition spin) {
+    }
+
+    public record Extension(int x, int topY, int bottomY, int z, NativeBlockState state) {
+    }
+
+    public record Plan(boolean supported, List<Extension> extensions) {
+        private static final Plan UNSUPPORTED = new Plan(false, List.of());
+    }
+}

core/src/main/java/art/arcane/iris/generation/decoration/tree/TreeRootBuilder.java

@@ -28,120 +28,152 @@ public final class TreeRootBuilder {
     }
 
     public static void build(TreeBlockCanvas canvas, IrisProceduralTree tree, int height, long baseSeed) {
-        List<int[]> cells = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec> cells = new ArrayList<>();
         for (TreeBlockCanvas.Vec v : canvas.getTrunk()) {
             if (v.y() == 0) {
-                cells.add(new int[]{v.x(), v.z()});
+                cells.add(v);
             }
         }
         if (cells.isEmpty()) {
             return;
         }
+        cells.sort(TreeBlockCanvas.Vec::compareTo);
 
         int depth = tree.getRootDepth() > 0 ? tree.getRootDepth() : autoDepth(height);
         RNG rng = new RNG(baseSeed ^ 0x5009L);
 
         double cx = 0;
         double cz = 0;
-        for (int[] c : cells) {
+        for (TreeBlockCanvas.Vec cell : cells) {
-            cx += c[0];
+            cx += cell.x();
-            cz += c[1];
+            cz += cell.z();
         }
         cx /= cells.size();
         cz /= cells.size();
 
         double baseRadius = 1.0;
-        for (int[] c : cells) {
+        for (TreeBlockCanvas.Vec cell : cells) {
-            baseRadius = Math.max(baseRadius, Math.hypot(c[0] - cx, c[1] - cz) + 0.5);
+            baseRadius = Math.max(baseRadius, Math.hypot(cell.x() - cx, cell.z() - cz) + 0.5);
         }
-        double flare = tree.getRootFlare() > 0 ? tree.getRootFlare() : baseRadius + Math.max(2.0, depth * 0.6);
+        double flare = tree.getRootFlare() > 0 ? tree.getRootFlare() : baseRadius + Math.max(0.75, baseRadius * 0.35);
+        RootShape shape = new RootShape(cells, cx, cz, baseRadius, depth, flare);
 
         IrisTreeRootStyle style = tree.getRootStyle();
         switch (style) {
-            case TAPROOT -> taproot(canvas, cells, cx, cz, baseRadius, depth);
+            case TAPROOT -> taproot(canvas, shape);
             case BUTTRESS -> {
-                taproot(canvas, cells, cx, cz, baseRadius, depth);
+                taproot(canvas, shape);
-                buttress(canvas, cells, cx, cz, baseRadius, depth, flare, rng);
+                buttress(canvas, shape, rng);
             }
             case STILT -> {
-                taproot(canvas, cells, cx, cz, baseRadius, Math.min(depth, 3));
+                stilts(canvas, shape, height, rng);
-                stilts(canvas, cx, cz, baseRadius, flare, height, cells.size(), rng);
+                taproot(canvas, new RootShape(cells, cx, cz, baseRadius, Math.min(depth, 3), flare));
             }
         }
     }
 
-    private static void taproot(TreeBlockCanvas canvas, List<int[]> cells, double cx, double cz, double baseRadius, int depth) {
+    private static void taproot(TreeBlockCanvas canvas, RootShape shape) {
-        int icx = (int) Math.round(cx);
+        TreeBlockCanvas.Vec center = nearestCell(shape.cells(), shape.centerX(), shape.centerZ());
-        int icz = (int) Math.round(cz);
+        for (int k = 1; k <= shape.depth(); k++) {
-        for (int k = 1; k <= depth; k++) {
+            double fraction = k / (double) shape.depth();
-            double frac = k / (double) depth;
+            double keepRadius = shape.radius() * (1.0 - fraction);
-            double keepR = baseRadius * (1.0 - 0.6 * frac);
+            for (TreeBlockCanvas.Vec cell : shape.cells()) {
-            for (int[] c : cells) {
+                if (Math.hypot(cell.x() - shape.centerX(), cell.z() - shape.centerZ()) <= keepRadius) {
-                if (Math.hypot(c[0] - cx, c[1] - cz) <= keepR + 1e-6) {
+                    placeRoot(canvas, cell.x(), -k, cell.z(), TreeBlockCanvas.Axis.Y);
-                    placeRoot(canvas, c[0], -k, c[1], TreeBlockCanvas.Axis.Y);
                 }
             }
-            placeRoot(canvas, icx, -k, icz, TreeBlockCanvas.Axis.Y);
+            placeRoot(canvas, center.x(), -k, center.z(), TreeBlockCanvas.Axis.Y);
         }
     }
 
-    private static void buttress(TreeBlockCanvas canvas, List<int[]> cells, double cx, double cz, double baseRadius,
+    private static void buttress(TreeBlockCanvas canvas, RootShape shape, RNG rng) {
-                                 int depth, double flare, RNG rng) {
+        int legs = Math.max(3, Math.min(8, shape.cells().size() + 2));
-        int nLegs = Math.max(4, Math.min(12, cells.size() + 2));
+        for (int leg = 0; leg < legs; leg++) {
-        for (int li = 0; li < nLegs; li++) {
+            double angle = 2.0 * Math.PI * leg / legs + rng.d(-0.25, 0.25);
-            double ang = 2.0 * Math.PI * li / nLegs + rng.d(-0.25, 0.25);
+            double reach = shape.flare() * rng.d(0.8, 1.0);
-            double ca = Math.cos(ang);
+            int x = (int) Math.round(shape.centerX() + reach * Math.cos(angle));
-            double sa = Math.sin(ang);
+            int z = (int) Math.round(shape.centerZ() + reach * Math.sin(angle));
-            int prevX = (int) Math.round(cx + baseRadius * ca);
+            int depth = legDepth(shape.depth(), leg, legs);
-            int prevZ = (int) Math.round(cz + baseRadius * sa);
+            TreeBlockCanvas.Vec start = nearestCell(shape.cells(), x, z);
-            for (int k = 1; k <= depth; k++) {
+            rasterizeRoot(canvas, start, new TreeBlockCanvas.Vec(x, -depth, z));
-                double frac = k / (double) depth;
+        }
-                double r = baseRadius + (flare - baseRadius) * frac;
+    }
-                int x = (int) Math.round(cx + r * ca);
+
-                int z = (int) Math.round(cz + r * sa);
+    private static void stilts(TreeBlockCanvas canvas, RootShape shape, int height, RNG rng) {
-                placeRoot(canvas, x, -k, z, TreeBlockCanvas.Axis.Y);
+        int stiltTop = Math.min(height - 1, Math.max(2, Math.min(7, (int) Math.round(0.25 * height))));
-                if (x != prevX || z != prevZ) {
+        List<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec> attachments = new ArrayList<>();
-                    placeRoot(canvas, prevX, -k, prevZ, TreeBlockCanvas.Axis.Y);
+        for (TreeBlockCanvas.Vec cell : canvas.getTrunk()) {
-                }
+            if (cell.y() == stiltTop) {
-                prevX = x;
+                attachments.add(cell);
-                prevZ = z;
             }
         }
-    }
+        if (attachments.isEmpty()) {
-
+            attachments.addAll(shape.cells());
-    private static void stilts(TreeBlockCanvas canvas, double cx, double cz, double baseRadius, double flare,
+        }
-                               int height, int cellCount, RNG rng) {
+        attachments.sort(TreeBlockCanvas.Vec::compareTo);
-        int stiltTop = Math.max(2, Math.min(7, (int) Math.round(0.25 * height)));
+        int props = Math.max(3, Math.min(8, shape.cells().size() + 2));
-        int nProps = Math.max(4, Math.min(10, cellCount + 2));
+        for (int prop = 0; prop < props; prop++) {
-        for (int p = 0; p < nProps; p++) {
+            double angle = 2.0 * Math.PI * prop / props + rng.d(-0.25, 0.25);
-            double ang = 2.0 * Math.PI * p / nProps + rng.d(-0.25, 0.25);
+            double reach = shape.flare() * rng.d(0.8, 1.0);
-            double ca = Math.cos(ang);
+            int x = (int) Math.round(shape.centerX() + reach * Math.cos(angle));
-            double sa = Math.sin(ang);
+            int z = (int) Math.round(shape.centerZ() + reach * Math.sin(angle));
-            int sx = (int) Math.round(cx + baseRadius * ca);
+            int depth = legDepth(Math.min(shape.depth(), 3), prop, props);
-            int sz = (int) Math.round(cz + baseRadius * sa);
+            TreeBlockCanvas.Vec start = nearestCell(attachments, x, z);
-            int fx = (int) Math.round(cx + flare * ca);
+            rasterizeRoot(canvas, start, new TreeBlockCanvas.Vec(x, -depth, z));
-            int fz = (int) Math.round(cz + flare * sa);
-            rasterizeRoot(canvas, sx, stiltTop, sz, fx, -2, fz);
         }
     }
 
-    private static void rasterizeRoot(TreeBlockCanvas canvas, int ox, int oy, int oz, int ex, int ey, int ez) {
+    private static int legDepth(int depth, int leg, int count) {
-        int dx = ex - ox;
+        return Math.max(1, (int) Math.round(depth * (0.55 + 0.45 * leg / Math.max(1, count - 1))));
-        int dy = ey - oy;
+    }
-        int dz = ez - oz;
+
+    private static TreeBlockCanvas.Vec nearestCell(List<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec> cells, double x, double z) {
+        TreeBlockCanvas.Vec nearest = cells.getFirst();
+        double distance = Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+        for (TreeBlockCanvas.Vec cell : cells) {
+            double dx = cell.x() - x;
+            double dz = cell.z() - z;
+            double candidateDistance = dx * dx + dz * dz;
+            if (candidateDistance < distance) {
+                nearest = cell;
+                distance = candidateDistance;
+            }
+        }
+        return nearest;
+    }
+
+    private static void rasterizeRoot(TreeBlockCanvas canvas, TreeBlockCanvas.Vec start, TreeBlockCanvas.Vec end) {
+        int dx = end.x() - start.x();
+        int dy = end.y() - start.y();
+        int dz = end.z() - start.z();
         int steps = Math.max(Math.max(Math.abs(dx), Math.abs(dy)), Math.max(Math.abs(dz), 1));
         TreeBlockCanvas.Axis axis = TreeFunctions.logAxis(dx, dy, dz);
-        for (int i = 0; i <= steps; i++) {
+        int x = start.x();
+        int y = start.y();
+        int z = start.z();
+        for (int i = 1; i <= steps; i++) {
             double t = i / (double) steps;
-            int x = (int) Math.round(ox + dx * t);
+            int nextX = (int) Math.round(start.x() + dx * t);
-            int y = (int) Math.round(oy + dy * t);
+            int nextY = (int) Math.round(start.y() + dy * t);
-            int z = (int) Math.round(oz + dz * t);
+            int nextZ = (int) Math.round(start.z() + dz * t);
-            placeRoot(canvas, x, y, z, axis);
+            while (y != nextY) {
+                y += Integer.signum(nextY - y);
+                placeRoot(canvas, x, y, z, axis);
+            }
+            while (x != nextX) {
+                x += Integer.signum(nextX - x);
+                placeRoot(canvas, x, y, z, axis);
+            }
+            while (z != nextZ) {
+                z += Integer.signum(nextZ - z);
+                placeRoot(canvas, x, y, z, axis);
+            }
         }
     }
 
     private static void placeRoot(TreeBlockCanvas canvas, int x, int y, int z, TreeBlockCanvas.Axis axis) {
-        if (!canvas.has(x, y, z)) {
+        TreeBlockCanvas.Cell cell = canvas.get(x, y, z);
+        if (cell == null || cell.role() != TreeBlockCanvas.Role.TRUNK && cell.role() != TreeBlockCanvas.Role.SECONDARY_TRUNK) {
             canvas.setTrunk(x, y, z, TreeBlockCanvas.Role.TRUNK, axis);
         }
     }
@@ -149,4 +181,8 @@ public final class TreeRootBuilder {
     private static int autoDepth(int height) {
         return Math.max(2, Math.min(16, (int) Math.round(0.18 * height)));
     }
+
+    private record RootShape(List<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec> cells, double centerX, double centerZ,
+                             double radius, int depth, double flare) {
+    }
 }

core/src/main/java/art/arcane/iris/generation/mantle/CaveObjectPlacementTransaction.java

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import art.arcane.iris.structure.object.IObjectPlacer;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.block.TileData;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.hydrology.cave.HydrologyCaveCell;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.nativelib.terrain.NativeBlockState;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.util.math.BlockPosition;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.block.B;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.util.collection.KList;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2IntOpenHashMap;
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ final class CaveObjectPlacementTransaction implements IObjectPlacer {
     private final Long2IntOpenHashMap surfaceHeights;
     private final Long2IntOpenHashMap caveCeilings;
     private int blockWrites;
+    private BlockPosition canopyPosition;
 
     CaveObjectPlacementTransaction(IObjectPlacer delegate, int anchorY, int minDepthBelowSurface) {
         this.delegate = delegate;
@@ -95,13 +97,36 @@ final class CaveObjectPlacementTransaction implements IObjectPlacer {
             }
         }
 
-        for (BufferedMutation mutation : mutations) {
+        applyMutations();
-            mutation.apply(delegate);
-        }
         discard();
         return CommitResult.COMMITTED;
     }
 
+    private void applyMutations() {
+        boolean canopyOpen = false;
+        boolean skipCanopy = false;
+        try {
+            for (BufferedMutation mutation : mutations) {
+                if (mutation.value() instanceof NativeBlockState) {
+                    if (canopyOpen) {
+                        delegate.endTreeCanopy();
+                        canopyOpen = false;
+                    }
+                    skipCanopy = mutation.canopy()
+                            && !delegate.beginTreeCanopy(new BlockPosition(mutation.x(), mutation.y(), mutation.z()));
+                    canopyOpen = mutation.canopy() && !skipCanopy;
+                }
+                if (!mutation.canopy() || !skipCanopy) {
+                    mutation.apply(delegate);
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            if (canopyOpen) {
+                delegate.endTreeCanopy();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     void discard() {
         mutations.clear();
         bufferedBlocks.clear();
@@ -139,11 +164,30 @@ final class CaveObjectPlacementTransaction implements IObjectPlacer {
         if (state == null) {
             return;
         }
-        mutations.add(new BlockMutation(x, y, z, state));
+        mutations.add(new BlockMutation(x, y, z, state, isCanopy(x, y, z)));
         bufferedBlocks.put(new PositionKey(x, y, z), state);
         blockWrites++;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public boolean beginTreeCanopy(BlockPosition position) {
+        if (!IObjectPlacer.super.beginTreeCanopy(position)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        canopyPosition = position;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void endTreeCanopy() {
+        canopyPosition = null;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isCanopy(int x, int y, int z) {
+        return canopyPosition != null && canopyPosition.getX() == x
+                && canopyPosition.getY() == y && canopyPosition.getZ() == z;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public NativeBlockState get(int x, int y, int z) {
         NativeBlockState buffered = bufferedBlocks.get(new PositionKey(x, y, z));
@@ -198,7 +242,7 @@ final class CaveObjectPlacementTransaction implements IObjectPlacer {
     @Override
     public void setTile(int x, int y, int z, TileData tile) {
         if (tile != null) {
-            mutations.add(new TileMutation(x, y, z, tile));
+            mutations.add(new TileMutation(x, y, z, tile, isCanopy(x, y, z)));
         }
     }
 
@@ -207,7 +251,7 @@ final class CaveObjectPlacementTransaction implements IObjectPlacer {
         if (data == null) {
             return;
         }
-        mutations.add(new DataMutation(x, y, z, data));
+        mutations.add(new DataMutation(x, y, z, data, isCanopy(x, y, z)));
         if (data instanceof NativeBlockState state) {
             bufferedBlocks.put(new PositionKey(x, y, z), state);
             blockWrites++;
@@ -291,24 +335,26 @@ final class CaveObjectPlacementTransaction implements IObjectPlacer {
 
         Object value();
 
+        boolean canopy();
+
         void apply(IObjectPlacer placer);
     }
 
-    private record BlockMutation(int x, int y, int z, NativeBlockState value) implements BufferedMutation {
+    private record BlockMutation(int x, int y, int z, NativeBlockState value, boolean canopy) implements BufferedMutation {
         @Override
         public void apply(IObjectPlacer placer) {
             placer.set(x, y, z, value);
         }
     }
 
-    private record TileMutation(int x, int y, int z, TileData value) implements BufferedMutation {
+    private record TileMutation(int x, int y, int z, TileData value, boolean canopy) implements BufferedMutation {
         @Override
         public void apply(IObjectPlacer placer) {
             placer.setTile(x, y, z, value);
         }
     }
 
-    private record DataMutation(int x, int y, int z, Object value) implements BufferedMutation {
+    private record DataMutation(int x, int y, int z, Object value, boolean canopy) implements BufferedMutation {
         @Override
         public void apply(IObjectPlacer placer) {
             placer.setData(x, y, z, value);

core/src/main/java/art/arcane/iris/generation/mantle/FloatingObjectPlacementTransaction.java

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import art.arcane.iris.generation.runtime.IrisComplex;
 import art.arcane.iris.structure.object.IObjectPlacer;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.block.TileData;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.nativelib.terrain.NativeBlockState;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.util.math.BlockPosition;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.block.B;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.util.collection.KList;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ final class FloatingObjectPlacementTransaction implements IObjectPlacer {
     private final KList<BufferedMutation> mutations;
     private final Map<PositionKey, NativeBlockState> bufferedBlocks;
     private int blockWrites;
+    private BlockPosition canopyPosition;
 
     FloatingObjectPlacementTransaction(IObjectPlacer delegate, ObjectContinuationBundle.PlacementKey placementKey) {
         this.delegate = Objects.requireNonNull(delegate);
@@ -70,9 +72,7 @@ final class FloatingObjectPlacementTransaction implements IObjectPlacer {
                 return CommitResult.REJECTED_SUPPORT;
             }
         }
-        for (BufferedMutation mutation : mutations) {
+        applyMutations();
-            mutation.apply(delegate);
-        }
         persistContinuation(engine);
         discard();
         return CommitResult.COMMITTED;
@@ -94,9 +94,17 @@ final class FloatingObjectPlacementTransaction implements IObjectPlacer {
         }
         IrisMatterSupport.ensureRegistered();
         LinkedHashMap<ObjectContinuationBundle.ChunkPosition, Matter> payloads = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        boolean skipCanopy = false;
         for (BufferedMutation mutation : mutations) {
             ObjectContinuationBundle.ChunkPosition chunk = new ObjectContinuationBundle.ChunkPosition(mutation.x() >> 4, mutation.z() >> 4);
             Matter payload = payloads.computeIfAbsent(chunk, ignored -> new IrisMatter(16, engine.getHeight(), 16));
+            if (mutation.value() instanceof NativeBlockState) {
+                skipCanopy = !ObjectContinuationPersistence.beginBlock(payload, mutation.x() & 15,
+                        mutation.y(), mutation.z() & 15, mutation.canopy());
+            }
+            if (mutation.canopy() && skipCanopy) {
+                continue;
+            }
             ObjectContinuationPersistence.put(payload, mutation.x() & 15, mutation.y(), mutation.z() & 15, mutation.value());
         }
         LinkedHashMap<ObjectContinuationBundle.ChunkPosition, Supplier<Matter>> destinations = new LinkedHashMap<>();
@@ -105,6 +113,31 @@ final class FloatingObjectPlacementTransaction implements IObjectPlacer {
                 new ObjectContinuationBundle.Bounds(minimumX, minimumZ, maximumX, maximumZ), destinations);
     }
 
+    private void applyMutations() {
+        boolean canopyOpen = false;
+        boolean skipCanopy = false;
+        try {
+            for (BufferedMutation mutation : mutations) {
+                if (mutation.value() instanceof NativeBlockState) {
+                    if (canopyOpen) {
+                        delegate.endTreeCanopy();
+                        canopyOpen = false;
+                    }
+                    skipCanopy = mutation.canopy()
+                            && !delegate.beginTreeCanopy(new BlockPosition(mutation.x(), mutation.y(), mutation.z()));
+                    canopyOpen = mutation.canopy() && !skipCanopy;
+                }
+                if (!mutation.canopy() || !skipCanopy) {
+                    mutation.apply(delegate);
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            if (canopyOpen) {
+                delegate.endTreeCanopy();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     void discard() {
         mutations.clear();
         bufferedBlocks.clear();
@@ -126,11 +159,30 @@ final class FloatingObjectPlacementTransaction implements IObjectPlacer {
         if (state == null) {
             return;
         }
-        mutations.add(new BlockMutation(x, y, z, state));
+        mutations.add(new BlockMutation(x, y, z, state, isCanopy(x, y, z)));
         bufferedBlocks.put(new PositionKey(x, y, z), state);
         blockWrites++;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public boolean beginTreeCanopy(BlockPosition position) {
+        if (!IObjectPlacer.super.beginTreeCanopy(position)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        canopyPosition = position;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void endTreeCanopy() {
+        canopyPosition = null;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isCanopy(int x, int y, int z) {
+        return canopyPosition != null && canopyPosition.getX() == x
+                && canopyPosition.getY() == y && canopyPosition.getZ() == z;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public NativeBlockState get(int x, int y, int z) {
         NativeBlockState state = bufferedBlocks.get(new PositionKey(x, y, z));
@@ -176,7 +228,7 @@ final class FloatingObjectPlacementTransaction implements IObjectPlacer {
     @Override
     public void setTile(int x, int y, int z, TileData tile) {
         if (tile != null) {
-            mutations.add(new TileMutation(x, y, z, tile));
+            mutations.add(new TileMutation(x, y, z, tile, isCanopy(x, y, z)));
         }
     }
 
@@ -185,7 +237,7 @@ final class FloatingObjectPlacementTransaction implements IObjectPlacer {
         if (data == null) {
             return;
         }
-        mutations.add(new DataMutation(x, y, z, data));
+        mutations.add(new DataMutation(x, y, z, data, isCanopy(x, y, z)));
         if (data instanceof NativeBlockState state) {
             bufferedBlocks.put(new PositionKey(x, y, z), state);
             blockWrites++;
@@ -228,24 +280,26 @@ final class FloatingObjectPlacementTransaction implements IObjectPlacer {
 
         Object value();
 
+        boolean canopy();
+
         void apply(IObjectPlacer placer);
     }
 
-    private record BlockMutation(int x, int y, int z, NativeBlockState value) implements BufferedMutation {
+    private record BlockMutation(int x, int y, int z, NativeBlockState value, boolean canopy) implements BufferedMutation {
         @Override
         public void apply(IObjectPlacer placer) {
             placer.set(x, y, z, value);
         }
     }
 
-    private record TileMutation(int x, int y, int z, TileData value) implements BufferedMutation {
+    private record TileMutation(int x, int y, int z, TileData value, boolean canopy) implements BufferedMutation {
         @Override
         public void apply(IObjectPlacer placer) {
             placer.setTile(x, y, z, value);
         }
     }
 
-    private record DataMutation(int x, int y, int z, Object value) implements BufferedMutation {
+    private record DataMutation(int x, int y, int z, Object value, boolean canopy) implements BufferedMutation {
         @Override
         public void apply(IObjectPlacer placer) {
             placer.setData(x, y, z, value);

core/src/main/java/art/arcane/iris/generation/mantle/GoldenDebugObjectPlacer.java

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import art.arcane.iris.structure.object.IObjectPlacer;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.block.TileData;
 import art.arcane.iris.spi.IrisLogging;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.nativelib.terrain.NativeBlockState;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.util.math.BlockPosition;
 
 final class GoldenDebugObjectPlacer implements IObjectPlacer {
     private static final int[] GOLDEN_DEBUG_TARGET = parseGoldenDebugTarget(resolveGoldenDebugSpec());
@@ -93,6 +94,16 @@ final class GoldenDebugObjectPlacer implements IObjectPlacer {
         delegate.set(x, y, z, d);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public boolean beginTreeCanopy(BlockPosition position) {
+        return delegate.beginTreeCanopy(position);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void endTreeCanopy() {
+        delegate.endTreeCanopy();
+    }
+
     @Override
     public NativeBlockState get(int x, int y, int z) {
         return delegate.get(x, y, z);

core/src/main/java/art/arcane/iris/generation/mantle/ObjectContinuationPersistence.java

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 package art.arcane.iris.generation.mantle;
 
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.block.TileData;
+import art.arcane.iris.generation.decoration.tree.TreeBlockMaterial;
 import art.arcane.iris.integration.Identifier;
 import art.arcane.iris.world.storage.matter.TileWrapper;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.nativelib.terrain.NativeBlockState;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.util.hunk.Hunk;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.util.mantle.flag.MantleFlag;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.util.mantle.runtime.Mantle;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.util.mantle.runtime.MantleChunk;
@@ -12,6 +14,7 @@ import art.arcane.volmlib.util.matter.MatterSlice;
 
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.BitSet;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
 
 public final class ObjectContinuationPersistence {
@@ -68,6 +71,95 @@ public final class ObjectContinuationPersistence {
         }
     }
 
+    public static boolean beginBlock(Matter payload, int x, int y, int z, boolean canopy) {
+        if (canopy) {
+            MatterSlice<NativeBlockState> blocks = payload.getSlice(NativeBlockState.class);
+            NativeBlockState existing = blocks == null ? null : blocks.get(x, y, z);
+            if (existing != null && existing.isSolid()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            payload.slice(TreeCanopy.class).set(x, y, z, TreeCanopy.INSTANCE);
+        } else {
+            MatterSlice<TreeCanopy> conditions = payload.getSlice(TreeCanopy.class);
+            if (conditions != null) {
+                conditions.set(x, y, z, null);
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static void restore(Mantle<Matter> mantle, int chunkX, int chunkZ, Matter continuation,
+                               Hunk<NativeBlockState> blocks, boolean applyBlocks) {
+        BitSet blocked = blockedCanopy(continuation, blocks, applyBlocks);
+        MatterSlice<NativeBlockState> states = continuation.getSlice(NativeBlockState.class);
+        MantleChunk<Matter> chunk = mantle.useChunk(chunkX, chunkZ);
+        try {
+            synchronized (chunk) {
+                if (states != null) {
+                    states.iterateSync((x, y, z, state) -> {
+                        if (blocked.get(cellIndex(x, y, z))) {
+                            return;
+                        }
+                        Matter section = chunk.get(y >> 4);
+                        if (section != null) {
+                            clearMetadata(section, x, y & 15, z);
+                        }
+                    });
+                }
+                for (Map.Entry<Class<?>, MatterSlice<?>> entry : continuation.getSliceMap().entrySet()) {
+                    if (entry.getKey() == TreeCanopy.class) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    entry.getValue().iterateSync((x, y, z, value) -> {
+                        if (!blocked.get(cellIndex(x, y, z))) {
+                            chunk.getOrCreate(y >> 4).slice(entry.getKey()).set(x, y & 15, z, value);
+                        }
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            chunk.release();
+        }
+        if (applyBlocks && states != null) {
+            states.iterateSync((x, y, z, state) -> {
+                if (!blocked.get(cellIndex(x, y, z))) {
+                    blocks.set(x, y, z, state);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static BitSet blockedCanopy(Matter continuation, Hunk<NativeBlockState> blocks, boolean applyBlocks) {
+        BitSet blocked = new BitSet();
+        MatterSlice<TreeCanopy> conditions = continuation.getSlice(TreeCanopy.class);
+        if (conditions != null) {
+            conditions.iterateSync((x, y, z, condition) -> {
+                NativeBlockState existing = blocks.get(x, y, z);
+                if (!applyBlocks || existing != null && existing.isSolid()) {
+                    blocked.set(cellIndex(x, y, z));
+                }
+            });
+        }
+        return blocked;
+    }
+
+    private static int cellIndex(int x, int y, int z) {
+        return (y << 8) | (z << 4) | x;
+    }
+
+    private static void clearMetadata(Matter section, int x, int y, int z) {
+        clearMetadata(section.getSlice(Identifier.class), x, y, z);
+        clearMetadata(section.getSlice(String.class), x, y, z);
+        clearMetadata(section.getSlice(TreeBlockMaterial.class), x, y, z);
+        clearMetadata(section.getSlice(TileWrapper.class), x, y, z);
+    }
+
+    private static void clearMetadata(MatterSlice<?> slice, int x, int y, int z) {
+        if (slice != null) {
+            slice.set(x, y, z, null);
+        }
+    }
+
     private static boolean contains(ObjectContinuationBundle bundle, ObjectContinuationBundle.PlacementKey key) {
         if (bundle == null) {
             return false;

core/src/main/java/art/arcane/iris/generation/mantle/ObjectDestinationTransaction.java

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import art.arcane.iris.generation.subterrain.SubterrainRasterizer;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.block.TileData;
 import art.arcane.iris.structure.object.IObjectPlacer;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.nativelib.terrain.NativeBlockState;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.util.math.BlockPosition;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.block.B;
 import art.arcane.iris.world.storage.matter.TileWrapper;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.util.matter.MatterCavern;
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ final class ObjectDestinationTransaction implements ObjectPassPlacer {
     private final List<Mutation> mutations;
     private final List<PlacementRange> placements = new ArrayList<>();
     private final Long2ObjectOpenHashMap<Int2ObjectOpenHashMap<OverlayCell>> overlay;
+    private BlockPosition canopyPosition;
     private boolean hydrologyGateKnown;
     private int hydrologyGateChunkX;
     private int hydrologyGateChunkZ;
@@ -82,7 +84,15 @@ final class ObjectDestinationTransaction implements ObjectPassPlacer {
     }
 
     void apply(ObjectSourcePlan plan) {
+        boolean skipCanopy = false;
         for (Mutation mutation : plan.mutationsFor(destinationChunkX, destinationChunkZ)) {
+            if (mutation.key().type() == NativeBlockState.class) {
+                NativeBlockState existing = mutation.canopy() ? get(mutation.key().x(), mutation.key().y(), mutation.key().z()) : null;
+                skipCanopy = existing != null && existing.isSolid();
+            }
+            if (mutation.canopy() && skipCanopy) {
+                continue;
+            }
             switch (mutation) {
                 case SetMutation set -> setData(set.key().x(), set.key().y(), set.key().z(), set.value(), set);
                 case CustomBlockMutation custom -> set(custom.key().x(), custom.key().y(), custom.key().z(), custom.state(), custom);
@@ -158,12 +168,31 @@ final class ObjectDestinationTransaction implements ObjectPassPlacer {
             cell.tile = CLEARED;
             cell.identifier = identifier;
             mutations.add(replayed != null
-                    ? replayed : new CustomBlockMutation(new DataKey(x, y, z, NativeBlockState.class), state));
+                    ? replayed : new CustomBlockMutation(new DataKey(x, y, z, NativeBlockState.class), state, isCanopy(x, y, z)));
             return;
         }
         setData(x, y, z, state);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public boolean beginTreeCanopy(BlockPosition position) {
+        if (!ObjectPassPlacer.super.beginTreeCanopy(position)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        canopyPosition = position;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void endTreeCanopy() {
+        canopyPosition = null;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isCanopy(int x, int y, int z) {
+        return canopyPosition != null && canopyPosition.getX() == x
+                && canopyPosition.getY() == y && canopyPosition.getZ() == z;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public NativeBlockState get(int x, int y, int z) {
         OverlayCell cell = overlayCell(x, y, z);
@@ -257,7 +286,7 @@ final class ObjectDestinationTransaction implements ObjectPassPlacer {
             cell.put(type, data);
         }
         mutations.add(replayed != null
-                ? replayed : new SetMutation(new DataKey(x, y, z, type), data));
+                ? replayed : new SetMutation(new DataKey(x, y, z, type), data, isCanopy(x, y, z)));
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -476,10 +505,12 @@ final class ObjectDestinationTransaction implements ObjectPassPlacer {
 
         DataKey key();
 
+        boolean canopy();
+
         void apply(IObjectPlacer placer);
     }
 
-    record SetMutation(DataKey key, Object value) implements Mutation {
+    record SetMutation(DataKey key, Object value, boolean canopy) implements Mutation {
         @Override
         public int x() {
             return key.x();
@@ -496,7 +527,7 @@ final class ObjectDestinationTransaction implements ObjectPassPlacer {
         }
     }
 
-    record CustomBlockMutation(DataKey key, NativeBlockState state) implements Mutation {
+    record CustomBlockMutation(DataKey key, NativeBlockState state, boolean canopy) implements Mutation {
         @Override
         public int x() {
             return key.x();

core/src/main/java/art/arcane/iris/generation/mantle/ObjectSourcePlan.java

@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ final class ObjectSourcePlan {
     private static final int PLACEMENT_DESTINATION_BYTES = 40;
     private static final int UNKNOWN_PAYLOAD_BYTES = 256;
     private static final int CUSTOM_BIT = 1 << 8;
-    private static final int Y_SHIFT = 9;
+    private static final int CANOPY_BIT = 1 << 9;
+    private static final int Y_SHIFT = 10;
     private static final int MAXIMUM_Y = (1 << (31 - Y_SHIFT)) - 1;
 
     private final long[] destinations;
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ final class ObjectSourcePlan {
                     custom = CUSTOM_BIT;
                 }
             }
-            cells[position] = (key.y() << Y_SHIFT) | custom | ((key.z() & 15) << 4) | (key.x() & 15);
+            cells[position] = (key.y() << Y_SHIFT) | custom | (mutation.canopy() ? CANOPY_BIT : 0) | ((key.z() & 15) << 4) | (key.x() & 15);
             valueIndexes[position] = table.indexOf(value);
         }
         values = table.values.toArray();
@@ -275,9 +276,9 @@ final class ObjectSourcePlan {
             Object value = values[valueIndexes[start + index]];
             decoded[index] = (cell & CUSTOM_BIT) != 0
                     ? new ObjectDestinationTransaction.CustomBlockMutation(
-                    new ObjectDestinationTransaction.DataKey(x, y, z, NativeBlockState.class), (NativeBlockState) value)
+                    new ObjectDestinationTransaction.DataKey(x, y, z, NativeBlockState.class), (NativeBlockState) value, (cell & CANOPY_BIT) != 0)
                     : new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(
-                    new ObjectDestinationTransaction.DataKey(x, y, z, typeOf(value)), value);
+                    new ObjectDestinationTransaction.DataKey(x, y, z, typeOf(value)), value, (cell & CANOPY_BIT) != 0);
         }
         return List.of(decoded);
     }
@@ -285,10 +286,17 @@ final class ObjectSourcePlan {
     static byte[] encode(List<ObjectDestinationTransaction.Mutation> mutations, int height) {
         IrisMatterSupport.ensureRegistered();
         Matter payload = new IrisMatter(16, height, 16);
+        boolean skipCanopy = false;
         for (ObjectDestinationTransaction.Mutation mutation : mutations) {
             ObjectDestinationTransaction.DataKey key = mutation.key();
             int x = key.x() & 15;
             int z = key.z() & 15;
+            if (key.type() == NativeBlockState.class) {
+                skipCanopy = !ObjectContinuationPersistence.beginBlock(payload, x, key.y(), z, mutation.canopy());
+            }
+            if (mutation.canopy() && skipCanopy) {
+                continue;
+            }
             if (mutation instanceof ObjectDestinationTransaction.CustomBlockMutation custom) {
                 payload.slice(NativeBlockState.class).set(x, key.y(), z, custom.state().placementBaseState());
                 payload.slice(Identifier.class).set(x, key.y(), z, Identifier.fromString(custom.state().deferredPlacementKey()));

core/src/main/java/art/arcane/iris/generation/mantle/TreeCanopy.java

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package art.arcane.iris.generation.mantle;
+
+public enum TreeCanopy {
+    INSTANCE
+}

core/src/main/java/art/arcane/iris/generation/runtime/EngineMode.java

@@ -23,11 +23,9 @@ import art.arcane.iris.generation.concurrent.MultiBurst;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.context.ChunkContext;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.context.IrisContext;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.mantle.EngineMantle;
+import art.arcane.iris.generation.mantle.ObjectContinuationPersistence;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.stage.IrisDimensionStackActuator;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.stage.IrisTransitionGeometryActuator;
-import art.arcane.iris.integration.Identifier;
-import art.arcane.iris.generation.decoration.tree.TreeBlockMaterial;
-import art.arcane.iris.world.storage.matter.TileWrapper;
 import art.arcane.iris.world.history.FloatingBiomeOverlay;
 import art.arcane.iris.world.history.GenerationHistoryRuntimeRouter;
 import art.arcane.iris.world.history.SavedTerrainChunk;
@@ -36,13 +34,10 @@ import art.arcane.volmlib.nativelib.terrain.NativeBlockState;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.util.collection.KList;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.util.documentation.BlockCoordinates;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.util.hunk.Hunk;
-import art.arcane.volmlib.util.mantle.runtime.MantleChunk;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.util.matter.Matter;
-import art.arcane.volmlib.util.matter.MatterSlice;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
 
 public interface EngineMode extends Staged {
     KList<EngineStage> getTerrainStages();
@@ -221,7 +216,7 @@ public interface EngineMode extends Staged {
             recordNaturalTerrain(x, z, blocks, biomes, ctx);
             IrisDimensionStackActuator.clearHostNaturalMetadata(getEngine(), x, z, biomes.getHeight(), ctx);
             ctx.beginContent();
-            List<Matter> continuations = restoreObjectContinuations(x, z);
+            List<Matter> continuations = restoreObjectContinuations(x, z, blocks);
             if (!continuations.isEmpty()) {
                 ctx.setCaveTerrain(null);
             }
@@ -229,16 +224,13 @@ public interface EngineMode extends Staged {
                 i.generate(x, z, blocks, biomes, multicore, ctx);
             }
             for (Matter continuation : continuations) {
-                restoreObjectMetadata(x, z, continuation);
+                ObjectContinuationPersistence.restore(getMantle().getMantle(), x >> 4, z >> 4,
-                MatterSlice<NativeBlockState> states = continuation.getSlice(NativeBlockState.class);
+                        continuation, blocks, true);
-                if (states != null) {
-                    states.iterateSync((localX, y, localZ, state) -> blocks.set(localX, y, localZ, state));
-                }
             }
         }
     }
 
-    private List<Matter> restoreObjectContinuations(int x, int z) {
+    private List<Matter> restoreObjectContinuations(int x, int z, Hunk<NativeBlockState> blocks) {
         if (!(getEngine() instanceof IrisEngine irisEngine)) {
             return List.of();
         }
@@ -257,7 +249,8 @@ public interface EngineMode extends Staged {
                 if (continuation.getHeight() != getEngine().getHeight()) {
                     throw new IOException("Object continuation height does not match the world");
                 }
-                restoreObjectMetadata(x, z, continuation);
+                ObjectContinuationPersistence.restore(getMantle().getMantle(), x >> 4, z >> 4,
+                        continuation, blocks, false);
             }
             return continuations;
         } catch (IOException failure) {
@@ -265,42 +258,6 @@ public interface EngineMode extends Staged {
         }
     }
 
-    private void restoreObjectMetadata(int x, int z, Matter continuation) {
-        MantleChunk<Matter> chunk = getMantle().getMantle().useChunk(x >> 4, z >> 4);
-        try {
-            synchronized (chunk) {
-                MatterSlice<NativeBlockState> states = continuation.getSlice(NativeBlockState.class);
-                if (states != null) {
-                    states.iterateSync((localX, y, localZ, state) -> {
-                        Matter section = chunk.get(y >> 4);
-                        if (section != null) {
-                            clearObjectMetadata(section, localX, y & 15, localZ);
-                        }
-                    });
-                }
-                for (Map.Entry<Class<?>, MatterSlice<?>> entry : continuation.getSliceMap().entrySet()) {
-                    entry.getValue().iterateSync((localX, y, localZ, value) ->
-                            chunk.getOrCreate(y >> 4).slice(entry.getKey()).set(localX, y & 15, localZ, value));
-                }
-            }
-        } finally {
-            chunk.release();
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static void clearObjectMetadata(Matter section, int x, int y, int z) {
-        clearObjectMetadata(section.getSlice(Identifier.class), x, y, z);
-        clearObjectMetadata(section.getSlice(String.class), x, y, z);
-        clearObjectMetadata(section.getSlice(TreeBlockMaterial.class), x, y, z);
-        clearObjectMetadata(section.getSlice(TileWrapper.class), x, y, z);
-    }
-
-    private static void clearObjectMetadata(MatterSlice<?> slice, int x, int y, int z) {
-        if (slice != null) {
-            slice.set(x, y, z, null);
-        }
-    }
-
     private void recordNaturalTerrain(int x, int z, Hunk<NativeBlockState> blocks,
                                       Hunk<NativeBiome> biomes, ChunkContext context) {
         if (!(getEngine() instanceof IrisEngine irisEngine)) {

core/src/main/java/art/arcane/iris/structure/object/DecayControlPlacer.java

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import art.arcane.iris.generation.block.TileData;
 import art.arcane.iris.pack.loading.IrisData;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.runtime.Engine;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.nativelib.terrain.NativeBlockState;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.util.math.BlockPosition;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 public class DecayControlPlacer implements IObjectPlacer {
@@ -47,6 +48,16 @@ public class DecayControlPlacer implements IObjectPlacer {
         delegate.set(x, y, z, d);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public boolean beginTreeCanopy(BlockPosition position) {
+        return delegate.beginTreeCanopy(position);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void endTreeCanopy() {
+        delegate.endTreeCanopy();
+    }
+
     @Override
     public NativeBlockState get(int x, int y, int z) {
         return delegate.get(x, y, z);

core/src/main/java/art/arcane/iris/structure/object/HeightmapObjectPlacer.java

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import art.arcane.iris.pack.loading.IrisData;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.runtime.Engine;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.block.TileData;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.nativelib.terrain.NativeBlockState;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.util.math.BlockPosition;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.util.math.RNG;
 
 public class HeightmapObjectPlacer implements IObjectPlacer {
@@ -47,6 +48,16 @@ public class HeightmapObjectPlacer implements IObjectPlacer {
         oplacer.set(param1Int1, param1Int2, param1Int3, param1BlockData);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public boolean beginTreeCanopy(BlockPosition position) {
+        return oplacer.beginTreeCanopy(position);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void endTreeCanopy() {
+        oplacer.endTreeCanopy();
+    }
+
     public NativeBlockState get(int param1Int1, int param1Int2, int param1Int3) {
         return oplacer.get(param1Int1, param1Int2, param1Int3);
     }

core/src/main/java/art/arcane/iris/structure/object/IObjectPlacer.java

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import art.arcane.iris.pack.loading.IrisData;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.runtime.Engine;
 
 import art.arcane.volmlib.nativelib.terrain.NativeBlockState;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.util.math.BlockPosition;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 public interface IObjectPlacer {
@@ -35,6 +36,14 @@ public interface IObjectPlacer {
 
     NativeBlockState get(int x, int y, int z);
 
+    default boolean beginTreeCanopy(BlockPosition position) {
+        NativeBlockState existing = get(position.getX(), position.getY(), position.getZ());
+        return existing == null || !existing.isSolid();
+    }
+
+    default void endTreeCanopy() {
+    }
+
     boolean isPreventingDecay();
 
     boolean isCarved(int x, int y, int z);

core/src/main/java/art/arcane/iris/structure/object/IrisObject.java

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ package art.arcane.iris.structure.object;
 
 import art.arcane.iris.structure.object.FloatingObjectFootprint;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.block.TileData;
+import art.arcane.iris.generation.decoration.tree.TreeGrounding;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.cave.CarveResult;
 import art.arcane.iris.pack.value.IrisPosition;
 
@@ -144,6 +145,9 @@ public class IrisObject extends IrisRegistrant {
     transient final AtomicCache<KList<IrisBlockVector>> surfaceSupportOffsets = new AtomicCache<>();
     transient final AtomicCache<FloatingObjectFootprint> floatingFootprint = new AtomicCache<>();
     @Getter
+    @Setter
+    private transient TreeGrounding treeGrounding;
+    @Getter
     VectorMap<NativeBlockState> blocks;
     @Getter
     VectorMap<TileData> states;
@@ -203,6 +207,7 @@ public class IrisObject extends IrisRegistrant {
             copy.setLoader(getLoader());
             copy.setLoadFile(getLoadFile());
             copy.setCenter(getCenter().clone());
+            copy.setTreeGrounding(treeGrounding);
 
             blocks.forEach(copy.blocks::put);
             states.forEach((position, tile) -> copy.states.put(position, tile.clone()));
@@ -349,6 +354,9 @@ public class IrisObject extends IrisRegistrant {
 
     KList<IrisBlockVector> getSurfaceSupportOffsets() {
         return surfaceSupportOffsets.aquire(() -> {
+            if (treeGrounding != null) {
+                return treeGrounding.supportOffsets();
+            }
             readLock.lock();
             try {
                 int lowestY = Integer.MAX_VALUE;

core/src/main/java/art/arcane/iris/structure/object/IrisObjectPlacementRunner.java

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import art.arcane.iris.generation.block.TileData;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.cave.CarveResult;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.cave.CarvingMode;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.decoration.IrisProceduralBlocks;
+import art.arcane.iris.generation.decoration.tree.TreeGrounding;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.decoration.IrisStiltSettings;
 import art.arcane.iris.structure.object.IrisSurfaceSupport;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.decoration.IrisVacuumSettings;
@@ -331,6 +332,18 @@ final class IrisObjectPlacementRunner {
             return -1;
         }
 
+        TreeGrounding.Plan grounding = null;
+        if (self.getTreeGrounding() != null && yv < 0 && config.getCarvingSupport().supportsSurface()
+                && !config.isForcePlace() && !config.isFromBottom() && !paint && !ceilingHang
+                && config.getMode() != ObjectPlaceMode.FLOATING && !rawStructurePiece) {
+            grounding = self.getTreeGrounding().plan(placer, new TreeGrounding.Placement(rdata, config,
+                    new BlockPosition(x, y + yrand, z), new BlockPosition(spinx, spiny, spinz)));
+            if (!grounding.supported()) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+            stilting = false;
+        }
+
         IrisPaintSurfaceProjection paintProjection = null;
         KList<IrisBlockVector> paintSupport = null;
         if (paint) {
@@ -467,6 +480,7 @@ final class IrisObjectPlacementRunner {
         try {
             VectorMap<NativeBlockState> blocks = self.blocks;
             VectorMap<TileData> states = self.states;
+            TreeGrounding tree = self.getTreeGrounding();
             // Zero-tile objects are the common case: skip the two Key allocations VectorMap#get needs to prove null.
             boolean hasStates = !states.isEmpty();
 
@@ -622,42 +636,53 @@ final class IrisObjectPlacementRunner {
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                data = normalizePlacedWaterlogging(data, placer, xx, yy, zz, waterlogCandidate);
+                boolean canopy = tree != null && tree.isCanopy(g.getBlockX(), g.getBlockY(), g.getBlockZ());
-
+                if (canopy && !placer.beginTreeCanopy(new BlockPosition(xx, yy, zz))) {
-                if (!rawStructurePiece && B.isVineBlock(data)) {
+                    continue;
-                    data = attachVineFaces(placer, data, xx, yy, zz);
                 }
 
-                // Short-circuit order matters for cost only: the mantle read is paid solely
+                try {
-                // for vine blocks. Both operands are pure, so the value is unchanged.
+                    data = normalizePlacedWaterlogging(data, placer, xx, yy, zz, waterlogCandidate);
-                boolean wouldReplace = !rawStructurePiece && B.isVineBlock(data) && B.isSolid(placer.get(xx, yy, zz));
-                String material = IrisObjectShaping.materialKey(data);
-                boolean air = material.equals("minecraft:air") || material.equals("minecraft:cave_air");
-                boolean place = shouldPlaceObjectBlock(rawStructurePiece, air, wouldReplace);
 
-                if (data.isCustom() || place) {
+                    if (!rawStructurePiece && B.isVineBlock(data)) {
-                    placer.set(xx, yy, zz, data);
+                        data = attachVineFaces(placer, data, xx, yy, zz);
-                    if (heightmap != null) {
+                    }
-                        Position2 pos = new Position2(xx, zz);
+
-                        Integer currentHeight = heightmap.get(pos);
+                    // Short-circuit order matters for cost only: the mantle read is paid solely
-                        if (currentHeight == null || currentHeight < yy) {
+                    // for vine blocks. Both operands are pure, so the value is unchanged.
-                            heightmap.put(pos, yy);
+                    boolean wouldReplace = !rawStructurePiece && B.isVineBlock(data) && B.isSolid(placer.get(xx, yy, zz));
+                    String material = IrisObjectShaping.materialKey(data);
+                    boolean air = material.equals("minecraft:air") || material.equals("minecraft:cave_air");
+                    boolean place = shouldPlaceObjectBlock(rawStructurePiece, air, wouldReplace);
+
+                    if (data.isCustom() || place) {
+                        placer.set(xx, yy, zz, data);
+                        if (heightmap != null) {
+                            Position2 pos = new Position2(xx, zz);
+                            Integer currentHeight = heightmap.get(pos);
+                            if (currentHeight == null || currentHeight < yy) {
+                                heightmap.put(pos, yy);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (tile != null) {
+                            placer.setTile(xx, yy, zz, tile);
+                        }
+                        if (markers != null && markers.containsKey(g)) {
+                            placer.setData(xx, yy, zz, new MatterMarker(markers.get(g)));
+                        }
+                        if (listener != null) {
+                            listener.accept(new BlockPosition(xx, yy, zz), data);
+                        }
+                        if (vacuuming && yy < vacuumLowest) {
+                            vacuumLowest = yy;
+                        }
+                        if (vacuuming && yy > vacuumHighest) {
+                            vacuumHighest = yy;
                         }
                     }
-                    if (tile != null) {
+                } finally {
-                        placer.setTile(xx, yy, zz, tile);
+                    if (canopy) {
-                    }
+                        placer.endTreeCanopy();
-                    if (markers != null && markers.containsKey(g)) {
-                        placer.setData(xx, yy, zz, new MatterMarker(markers.get(g)));
-                    }
-                    if (listener != null) {
-                        listener.accept(new BlockPosition(xx, yy, zz), data);
-                    }
-                    if (vacuuming && yy < vacuumLowest) {
-                        vacuumLowest = yy;
-                    }
-                    if (vacuuming && yy > vacuumHighest) {
-                        vacuumHighest = yy;
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -665,6 +690,19 @@ final class IrisObjectPlacementRunner {
             self.readLock.unlock();
         }
 
+        if (grounding != null) {
+            for (TreeGrounding.Extension extension : grounding.extensions()) {
+                for (int rootY = extension.topY(); rootY >= extension.bottomY(); rootY--) {
+                    NativeBlockState rootState = normalizePlacedWaterlogging(extension.state(), placer,
+                            extension.x(), rootY, extension.z(), waterlogCandidate);
+                    placer.set(extension.x(), rootY, extension.z(), rootState);
+                    if (listener != null) {
+                        listener.accept(new BlockPosition(extension.x(), rootY, extension.z()), rootState);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         if (stilting) {
             self.readLock.lock();
             try {

core/src/main/java/art/arcane/iris/structure/object/IrisObjectShaping.java

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ package art.arcane.iris.structure.object;
 
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.block.TileData;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.decoration.IrisProceduralBlocks;
+import art.arcane.iris.generation.decoration.tree.TreeBlockCanvas;
+import art.arcane.iris.generation.decoration.tree.TreeGrounding;
 
 import art.arcane.iris.spi.IrisLogging;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.nativelib.terrain.NativeBlockState;
@@ -29,6 +31,9 @@ import art.arcane.volmlib.util.math.Vector3i;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.util.format.Form;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.util.scheduling.PrecisionStopwatch;
 
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Set;
 
 /**
@@ -264,6 +269,19 @@ final class IrisObjectShaping {
         self.shrinkOffset = offset;
         self.blocks = b;
         self.states = s;
+        if (self.getTreeGrounding() != null) {
+            List<TreeGrounding.Root> roots = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (TreeGrounding.Root root : self.getTreeGrounding().roots()) {
+                roots.add(new TreeGrounding.Root(root.x() + offset.getX(), root.y() + offset.getY(),
+                        root.z() + offset.getZ(), root.state()));
+            }
+            Set<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec> canopy = new HashSet<>();
+            for (TreeBlockCanvas.Vec leaf : self.getTreeGrounding().canopy()) {
+                canopy.add(new TreeBlockCanvas.Vec(leaf.x() + offset.getX(), leaf.y() + offset.getY(),
+                        leaf.z() + offset.getZ()));
+            }
+            self.setTreeGrounding(TreeGrounding.create(roots, self.getTreeGrounding().maxExtension(), canopy));
+        }
         self.surfaceSupportOffsets.reset();
         self.floatingFootprint.reset();
     }

core/src/main/java/art/arcane/iris/structure/object/IrisObjectTransforms.java

@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ import art.arcane.iris.pack.value.IrisPosition;
 
 import art.arcane.volmlib.nativelib.terrain.NativeBlockState;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.block.B;
+import art.arcane.iris.generation.decoration.tree.TreeBlockCanvas;
+import art.arcane.iris.generation.decoration.tree.TreeGrounding;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.block.VectorMap;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.geometry.AxisAlignedBB;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.geometry.IrisBlockVector;
@@ -33,10 +35,12 @@ import art.arcane.volmlib.util.interpolation.Interpolation3D;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
 
 /**
  * Geometric transforms for {@link IrisObject}: rotation, scaling and the interpolated upscalers.
@@ -56,6 +60,8 @@ final class IrisObjectTransforms {
         try {
             VectorMap<NativeBlockState> d = new VectorMap<>();
             VectorMap<TileData> dx = new VectorMap<>();
+            TreeGrounding grounding = self.getTreeGrounding();
+            Set<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec> canopy = grounding == null ? null : new HashSet<>();
 
             for (Map.Entry<IrisBlockVector, NativeBlockState> entry : self.blocks) {
                 NativeBlockState rotated = r.rotate(entry.getValue(), spinx, spiny, spinz);
@@ -64,6 +70,16 @@ final class IrisObjectTransforms {
                 }
                 IrisBlockVector destination = r.rotate(entry.getKey(), spinx, spiny, spinz);
                 d.put(destination, rotated);
+                if (canopy != null) {
+                    TreeBlockCanvas.Vec cell = new TreeBlockCanvas.Vec(destination.getBlockX(),
+                            destination.getBlockY(), destination.getBlockZ());
+                    IrisBlockVector source = entry.getKey();
+                    if (grounding.isCanopy(source.getBlockX(), source.getBlockY(), source.getBlockZ())) {
+                        canopy.add(cell);
+                    } else {
+                        canopy.remove(cell);
+                    }
+                }
                 TileData tile = self.states.get(entry.getKey());
                 if (tile == null) {
                     dx.remove(destination);
@@ -74,6 +90,17 @@ final class IrisObjectTransforms {
 
             self.blocks = d;
             self.states = dx;
+            if (grounding != null) {
+                List<TreeGrounding.Root> roots = new ArrayList<>();
+                for (TreeGrounding.Root root : grounding.roots()) {
+                    IrisBlockVector position = r.rotate(new IrisBlockVector(root.x(), root.y(), root.z()), spinx, spiny, spinz);
+                    NativeBlockState state = d.get(position);
+                    if (state != null) {
+                        roots.add(new TreeGrounding.Root(position.getBlockX(), position.getBlockY(), position.getBlockZ(), state));
+                    }
+                }
+                self.setTreeGrounding(TreeGrounding.create(roots, grounding.maxExtension(), canopy));
+            }
             IrisObjectShaping.shrinkwrap(self);
             self.surfaceSupportOffsets.reset();
             self.floatingFootprint.reset();
@@ -99,6 +126,8 @@ final class IrisObjectTransforms {
         boolean savedOrigin = origin == ScaleOrigin.SAVED;
         List<ScaledVoxel> voxels;
         IrisObject output;
+        TreeGrounding grounding;
+        Vector3i sourceCenter;
         self.readLock.lock();
         try {
             output = savedOrigin ? createOriginScaledObject(self, scale)
@@ -107,7 +136,8 @@ final class IrisObjectTransforms {
             output.setLoader(self.getLoader());
             output.setLoadFile(self.getLoadFile());
             voxels = new ArrayList<>(self.blocks.size());
-            Vector3i sourceCenter = self.getCenter();
+            sourceCenter = self.getCenter().clone();
+            grounding = self.getTreeGrounding();
             IrisBlockVector targetCenter = new IrisBlockVector(output.getCenter().getX(),
                     output.getCenter().getY(), output.getCenter().getZ());
             for (Map.Entry<IrisBlockVector, NativeBlockState> entry : self.blocks) {
@@ -124,7 +154,8 @@ final class IrisObjectTransforms {
                 }
                 TileData tile = self.states.get(sourcePosition);
                 voxels.add(new ScaledVoxel(sourcePosition.clone(), minimum, maximum, entry.getValue(),
-                        tile == null ? null : tile.clone()));
+                        tile == null ? null : tile.clone(), grounding != null && grounding.isCanopy(
+                        sourcePosition.getBlockX(), sourcePosition.getBlockY(), sourcePosition.getBlockZ())));
             }
         } finally {
             self.readLock.unlock();
@@ -134,8 +165,9 @@ final class IrisObjectTransforms {
                     .thenComparingInt(voxel -> voxel.source().getBlockY())
                     .thenComparingInt(voxel -> voxel.source().getBlockZ()));
         }
+        Set<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec> canopy = grounding == null ? null : new HashSet<>();
         for (ScaledVoxel voxel : voxels) {
-            writeScaledVoxel(output, voxel);
+            writeScaledVoxel(output, voxel, canopy);
         }
 
         VectorMap<NativeBlockState> scaledBlocks = output.blocks;
@@ -147,10 +179,43 @@ final class IrisObjectTransforms {
             }
         }
         removeInapplicableTiles(output, scaledBlocks);
+        if (grounding != null) {
+            canopy.removeIf(cell -> !output.blocks.containsKey(new IrisBlockVector(cell.x(), cell.y(), cell.z())));
+            scaleRoots(grounding, sourceCenter, output, scale, savedOrigin, canopy);
+        }
         return output;
     }
 
-    private static void writeScaledVoxel(IrisObject output, ScaledVoxel voxel) {
+    private static void scaleRoots(TreeGrounding grounding, Vector3i sourceCenter, IrisObject output,
+                                   double scale, boolean savedOrigin, Set<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec> canopy) {
+        List<TreeGrounding.Root> roots = new ArrayList<>();
+        Vector3i targetCenter = output.getCenter();
+        for (TreeGrounding.Root root : grounding.roots()) {
+            IrisBlockVector position = new IrisBlockVector(root.x(), root.y(), root.z());
+            if (!savedOrigin) {
+                position.add(new IrisBlockVector(sourceCenter.getX(), sourceCenter.getY(), sourceCenter.getZ()));
+            }
+            IrisBlockVector minimum = scaledMinimum(position, scale);
+            IrisBlockVector maximum = scaledMaximum(position, scale);
+            if (!savedOrigin) {
+                IrisBlockVector offset = new IrisBlockVector(targetCenter.getX(), targetCenter.getY(), targetCenter.getZ());
+                minimum.subtract(offset);
+                maximum.subtract(offset);
+            }
+            int y = minimum.getBlockY();
+            for (int x = minimum.getBlockX(); x <= maximum.getBlockX(); x++) {
+                for (int z = minimum.getBlockZ(); z <= maximum.getBlockZ(); z++) {
+                    NativeBlockState state = output.blocks.get(new IrisBlockVector(x, y, z));
+                    if (state != null) {
+                        roots.add(new TreeGrounding.Root(x, y, z, state));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        output.setTreeGrounding(TreeGrounding.create(roots, (int) Math.ceil(grounding.maxExtension() * scale), canopy));
+    }
+
+    private static void writeScaledVoxel(IrisObject output, ScaledVoxel voxel, Set<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec> canopy) {
         IrisBlockVector minimum = voxel.minimum();
         IrisBlockVector maximum = voxel.maximum();
         IrisBlockVector position = minimum.clone();
@@ -161,6 +226,14 @@ final class IrisObjectTransforms {
                 for (int y = minimum.getBlockY(); y <= maximum.getBlockY(); y++) {
                     position.setY(y);
                     output.blocks.put(position, voxel.block());
+                    if (canopy != null) {
+                        TreeBlockCanvas.Vec cell = new TreeBlockCanvas.Vec(x, y, z);
+                        if (voxel.canopy()) {
+                            canopy.add(cell);
+                        } else {
+                            canopy.remove(cell);
+                        }
+                    }
                     if (voxel.tile() == null) {
                         output.states.remove(position);
                     } else {
@@ -468,7 +541,7 @@ final class IrisObjectTransforms {
     }
 
     private record ScaledVoxel(IrisBlockVector source, IrisBlockVector minimum, IrisBlockVector maximum,
-                               NativeBlockState block, TileData tile) {
+                               NativeBlockState block, TileData tile, boolean canopy) {
     }
 
     private enum ScaleOrigin {

core/src/main/java/art/arcane/iris/world/storage/matter/IrisMatterSupport.java

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ public final class IrisMatterSupport {
         IrisMatter.registerSliceType(new EntityMatter());
         IrisMatter.registerSliceType(new CustomBlockOwnershipMatter());
         IrisMatter.registerSliceType(new ObjectContinuationMatter());
+        IrisMatter.registerSliceType(new TreeCanopyMatter());
         IrisMatter.registerSliceType("art.arcane.iris.core.link.Identifier", new IdentifierMatter());
         IrisMatter.registerSliceType("art.arcane.iris.engine.framework.NativeStructureOwnershipBundle", new NativeStructureOwnershipMatter());
         IrisMatter.registerSliceType(new PlatformBlockMatter());

core/src/main/java/art/arcane/iris/world/storage/matter/TreeCanopyMatter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package art.arcane.iris.world.storage.matter;
+
+import art.arcane.iris.generation.mantle.TreeCanopy;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.util.data.palette.Palette;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.util.matter.Sliced;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.util.matter.slices.RawMatter;
+
+import java.io.DataInputStream;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+@Sliced
+public final class TreeCanopyMatter extends RawMatter<TreeCanopy> {
+    public TreeCanopyMatter() {
+        this(1, 1, 1);
+    }
+
+    public TreeCanopyMatter(int width, int height, int depth) {
+        super(width, height, depth, TreeCanopy.class);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Palette<TreeCanopy> getGlobalPalette() {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeNode(TreeCanopy canopy, DataOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+        output.writeByte(1);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TreeCanopy readNode(DataInputStream input) throws IOException {
+        if (input.readUnsignedByte() != 1) {
+            throw new IOException("Invalid tree canopy placement condition");
+        }
+        return TreeCanopy.INSTANCE;
+    }
+}

core/src/test/java/art/arcane/iris/generation/decoration/tree/TreeCanopyBuilderTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package art.arcane.iris.generation.decoration.tree;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+public class TreeCanopyBuilderTest {
+    @Test
+    public void laterBranchesGrowThroughEarlierLeafClusters() {
+        IrisProceduralTree tree = branchedTree();
+        TreeBlockCanvas canvas = new TreeBlockCanvas();
+        double[][] offsets = TreeTrunkBuilder.build(canvas, tree, 6).getFirst().offsets();
+
+        TreeCanopyBuilder.build(canvas, tree, 6, offsets, 0, 42L, null);
+
+        for (int y = 0; y < 6; y++) {
+            for (int z = 0; z <= 4; z++) {
+                assertTrue(canvas.getTrunk().contains(new TreeBlockCanvas.Vec(0, y, z)));
+                assertFalse(canvas.getLeaf().contains(new TreeBlockCanvas.Vec(0, y, z)));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void branchWoodReplacesBothLeafRolesButKeepsWoodAndAccents() {
+        IrisProceduralTree tree = branchedTree();
+        TreeBlockCanvas canvas = new TreeBlockCanvas();
+        double[][] offsets = TreeTrunkBuilder.build(canvas, tree, 6).getFirst().offsets();
+        canvas.setLeaf(0, 1, 1, TreeBlockCanvas.Role.LEAF);
+        canvas.setLeaf(0, 1, 2, TreeBlockCanvas.Role.SECONDARY_LEAF);
+        canvas.setTrunk(0, 1, 3, TreeBlockCanvas.Role.SECONDARY_TRUNK, TreeBlockCanvas.Axis.X);
+        canvas.setDecor(0, 1, 4, 0, "north");
+
+        TreeCanopyBuilder.build(canvas, tree, 6, offsets, 0, 42L, null);
+
+        assertEquals(TreeBlockCanvas.Role.TRUNK, canvas.get(0, 1, 1).role());
+        assertEquals(TreeBlockCanvas.Role.TRUNK, canvas.get(0, 1, 2).role());
+        assertEquals(TreeBlockCanvas.Role.SECONDARY_TRUNK, canvas.get(0, 1, 3).role());
+        assertEquals(TreeBlockCanvas.Axis.X, canvas.get(0, 1, 3).axis());
+        assertEquals(TreeBlockCanvas.Role.DECORATOR, canvas.get(0, 1, 4).role());
+        assertFalse(canvas.getLeaf().contains(new TreeBlockCanvas.Vec(0, 1, 1)));
+        assertFalse(canvas.getLeaf().contains(new TreeBlockCanvas.Vec(0, 1, 2)));
+    }
+
+    private static IrisProceduralTree branchedTree() {
+        IrisProceduralTree tree = new IrisProceduralTree();
+        IrisTreeBranches branches = new IrisTreeBranches();
+        branches.setProbabilityFunction(IrisTreeBranchProbability.CONSTANT);
+        branches.setProbabilityConstant(1);
+        branches.setLengthFunction(IrisTreeFunction.CONSTANT);
+        branches.setLengthConstant(4);
+        branches.setAzimuthMode(IrisTreeAzimuthMode.CONSTANT);
+        branches.setAzimuth(0);
+        branches.setElevation(0);
+        branches.setClusterRadius(2);
+        branches.setClusterMode(IrisTreeLeafMode.FILLED);
+        tree.getCanopy().setBranches(branches);
+        return tree;
+    }
+}

core/src/test/java/art/arcane/iris/generation/decoration/tree/TreeRootBuilderTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+package art.arcane.iris.generation.decoration.tree;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+public class TreeRootBuilderTest {
+    @Test
+    public void everyRootHasAFaceConnectedPathToExistingWood() {
+        for (IrisTreeRootStyle style : IrisTreeRootStyle.values()) {
+            for (int width : new int[]{1, 2, 5}) {
+                for (long seed : new long[]{1L, 42L, 5923L}) {
+                    IrisProceduralTree tree = new IrisProceduralTree();
+                    tree.setRootStyle(style);
+                    tree.setTrunkWidth(width);
+                    tree.setRootDepth(8);
+                    tree.setRootFlare(7);
+                    tree.setLeanAngle(40);
+                    tree.setLeanAzimuth(45);
+                    TreeBlockCanvas canvas = trunk(tree, 24);
+                    Set<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec> original = new HashSet<>(canvas.getTrunk());
+
+                    TreeRootBuilder.build(canvas, tree, 24, seed);
+
+                    assertAllRootsConnected(canvas, original);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void automaticFlareRemainsCompactForTallThinTrees() {
+        IrisProceduralTree tree = new IrisProceduralTree();
+        for (int height : new int[]{8, 30, 80}) {
+            TreeBlockCanvas canvas = trunk(tree, height);
+
+            TreeRootBuilder.build(canvas, tree, height, 42L);
+
+            for (TreeBlockCanvas.Vec cell : canvas.getTrunk()) {
+                if (cell.y() < 0) {
+                    assertTrue(Math.abs(cell.x()) <= 2);
+                    assertTrue(Math.abs(cell.z()) <= 2);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void taprootNarrowsToOneCellWithoutExpandingTheBase() {
+        IrisProceduralTree tree = new IrisProceduralTree();
+        tree.setTrunkWidth(5);
+        tree.setRootDepth(7);
+        tree.setRootStyle(IrisTreeRootStyle.TAPROOT);
+        TreeBlockCanvas canvas = trunk(tree, 20);
+        Set<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec> original = new HashSet<>(canvas.getTrunk());
+
+        TreeRootBuilder.build(canvas, tree, 20, 42L);
+
+        int previousSize = 25;
+        for (int depth = 1; depth <= 7; depth++) {
+            int size = 0;
+            for (TreeBlockCanvas.Vec cell : canvas.getTrunk()) {
+                if (cell.y() == -depth) {
+                    size++;
+                    assertTrue(original.contains(new TreeBlockCanvas.Vec(cell.x(), 0, cell.z())));
+                }
+            }
+            assertTrue(size > 0);
+            assertTrue(size <= previousSize);
+            previousSize = size;
+        }
+        assertEquals(1, previousSize);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void buttressTipsEndAtDifferentDepths() {
+        IrisProceduralTree tree = new IrisProceduralTree();
+        tree.setRootDepth(8);
+        tree.setRootFlare(7);
+        TreeBlockCanvas canvas = trunk(tree, 20);
+
+        TreeRootBuilder.build(canvas, tree, 20, 42L);
+
+        Map<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec, Integer> outerDepths = new HashMap<>();
+        for (TreeBlockCanvas.Vec cell : canvas.getTrunk()) {
+            if (cell.y() < 0 && Math.hypot(cell.x(), cell.z()) >= 5) {
+                TreeBlockCanvas.Vec column = new TreeBlockCanvas.Vec(cell.x(), 0, cell.z());
+                outerDepths.merge(column, cell.y(), Math::min);
+            }
+        }
+        assertTrue(new HashSet<>(outerDepths.values()).size() > 1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void explicitFlareKeepsWideStiltRoots() {
+        IrisProceduralTree tree = new IrisProceduralTree();
+        tree.setRootStyle(IrisTreeRootStyle.STILT);
+        tree.setRootFlare(8);
+        tree.setRootDepth(5);
+        TreeBlockCanvas canvas = trunk(tree, 24);
+        Set<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec> original = new HashSet<>(canvas.getTrunk());
+
+        TreeRootBuilder.build(canvas, tree, 24, 42L);
+
+        double reach = 0;
+        boolean aboveGround = false;
+        for (TreeBlockCanvas.Vec cell : canvas.getTrunk()) {
+            if (!original.contains(cell)) {
+                reach = Math.max(reach, Math.hypot(cell.x(), cell.z()));
+                aboveGround |= cell.y() > 0;
+            }
+        }
+        assertTrue(reach >= 6);
+        assertTrue(aboveGround);
+        assertAllRootsConnected(canvas, original);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void stiltRootsAttachToTheActualLeaningTrunk() {
+        IrisProceduralTree tree = new IrisProceduralTree();
+        tree.setRootStyle(IrisTreeRootStyle.STILT);
+        tree.setLeanAngle(55);
+        tree.setLeanAzimuth(90);
+        tree.setRootFlare(3);
+        TreeBlockCanvas canvas = trunk(tree, 24);
+        Set<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec> original = new HashSet<>(canvas.getTrunk());
+
+        TreeRootBuilder.build(canvas, tree, 24, 42L);
+
+        boolean attachedAboveGround = false;
+        for (TreeBlockCanvas.Vec cell : canvas.getTrunk()) {
+            if (!original.contains(cell) && cell.y() >= 4) {
+                for (TreeBlockCanvas.Vec neighbor : neighbors(cell)) {
+                    attachedAboveGround |= original.contains(neighbor);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        assertTrue(attachedAboveGround);
+        assertAllRootsConnected(canvas, original);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void intersectingFoliageDoesNotSeverRoots() {
+        IrisProceduralTree tree = new IrisProceduralTree();
+        tree.setRootDepth(5);
+        tree.setRootFlare(5);
+        TreeBlockCanvas canvas = trunk(tree, 20);
+        Set<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec> original = new HashSet<>(canvas.getTrunk());
+        for (int x = -5; x <= 5; x++) {
+            for (int z = -5; z <= 5; z++) {
+                canvas.setLeaf(x, -1, z, TreeBlockCanvas.Role.LEAF);
+            }
+        }
+
+        TreeRootBuilder.build(canvas, tree, 20, 42L);
+
+        assertAllRootsConnected(canvas, original);
+        assertEquals(TreeBlockCanvas.Role.TRUNK, canvas.get(0, -1, 0).role());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void rootGeometryIsDeterministic() {
+        for (IrisTreeRootStyle style : IrisTreeRootStyle.values()) {
+            IrisProceduralTree tree = new IrisProceduralTree();
+            tree.setRootStyle(style);
+            tree.setTrunkWidth(2);
+            TreeBlockCanvas first = trunk(tree, 30);
+            TreeBlockCanvas second = trunk(tree, 30);
+
+            TreeRootBuilder.build(first, tree, 30, 5923L);
+            TreeRootBuilder.build(second, tree, 30, 5923L);
+
+            assertEquals(first.getCells(), second.getCells());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static TreeBlockCanvas trunk(IrisProceduralTree tree, int height) {
+        TreeBlockCanvas canvas = new TreeBlockCanvas();
+        TreeTrunkBuilder.build(canvas, tree, height);
+        return canvas;
+    }
+
+    private static void assertAllRootsConnected(TreeBlockCanvas canvas, Set<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec> original) {
+        Set<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec> reached = new HashSet<>(original);
+        ArrayDeque<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec> pending = new ArrayDeque<>(original);
+        while (!pending.isEmpty()) {
+            TreeBlockCanvas.Vec cell = pending.removeFirst();
+            for (TreeBlockCanvas.Vec neighbor : neighbors(cell)) {
+                if (canvas.getTrunk().contains(neighbor) && reached.add(neighbor)) {
+                    pending.addLast(neighbor);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Set<TreeBlockCanvas.Vec> roots = new HashSet<>(canvas.getTrunk());
+        roots.removeAll(original);
+        assertFalse(roots.isEmpty());
+        assertEquals(canvas.getTrunk(), reached);
+    }
+
+    private static TreeBlockCanvas.Vec[] neighbors(TreeBlockCanvas.Vec cell) {
+        return new TreeBlockCanvas.Vec[]{
+                new TreeBlockCanvas.Vec(cell.x() - 1, cell.y(), cell.z()),
+                new TreeBlockCanvas.Vec(cell.x() + 1, cell.y(), cell.z()),
+                new TreeBlockCanvas.Vec(cell.x(), cell.y() - 1, cell.z()),
+                new TreeBlockCanvas.Vec(cell.x(), cell.y() + 1, cell.z()),
+                new TreeBlockCanvas.Vec(cell.x(), cell.y(), cell.z() - 1),
+                new TreeBlockCanvas.Vec(cell.x(), cell.y(), cell.z() + 1)
+        };
+    }
+}

core/src/test/java/art/arcane/iris/generation/mantle/CaveObjectPlacementTransactionTest.java

@@ -28,9 +28,11 @@ import art.arcane.iris.generation.block.TileData;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.hydrology.cave.HydrologyCaveAction;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.hydrology.cave.HydrologyCaveCell;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.nativelib.terrain.NativeBlockState;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.util.math.BlockPosition;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertSame;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
@@ -42,6 +44,26 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 public class CaveObjectPlacementTransactionTest {
+    @Test
+    public void canopyCommitRechecksSolidsAndSkipsAssociatedMetadata() {
+        IObjectPlacer delegate = createPlacer(128, 80, 20, 60);
+        CaveObjectPlacementTransaction transaction = new CaveObjectPlacementTransaction(delegate, 20, 10);
+        NativeBlockState canopy = mock(NativeBlockState.class);
+        NativeBlockState trunk = mock(NativeBlockState.class);
+        when(trunk.isSolid()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(delegate.beginTreeCanopy(any())).thenCallRealMethod();
+        assertTrue(transaction.beginTreeCanopy(new BlockPosition(4, 30, 7)));
+        transaction.set(4, 30, 7, canopy);
+        transaction.setData(4, 30, 7, "canopy");
+        transaction.endTreeCanopy();
+        when(delegate.get(4, 30, 7)).thenReturn(trunk);
+
+        assertEquals(CaveObjectPlacementTransaction.CommitResult.COMMITTED, transaction.commit());
+
+        verify(delegate, never()).set(4, 30, 7, canopy);
+        verify(delegate, never()).setData(4, 30, 7, "canopy");
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void validPlacementCommitsBlocksTilesAndMetadataTogether() {
         IObjectPlacer delegate = createPlacer(128, 80, 20, 60);

core/src/test/java/art/arcane/iris/generation/mantle/FloatingObjectPlacementTransactionTest.java

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ package art.arcane.iris.generation.mantle;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.runtime.Engine;
 import art.arcane.iris.generation.block.TileData;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.nativelib.terrain.NativeBlockState;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.util.math.BlockPosition;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.util.mantle.runtime.Mantle;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.util.mantle.runtime.MantleChunk;
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ import art.arcane.iris.structure.object.IObjectPlacer;
 import art.arcane.iris.world.storage.matter.IrisMatterSupport;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertSame;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
@@ -42,6 +44,28 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 public class FloatingObjectPlacementTransactionTest {
+    @Test
+    public void canopyCommitRechecksSolidsAndSkipsAssociatedMetadata() {
+        IslandObjectPlacer delegate = createPlacer(true);
+        FloatingObjectPlacementTransaction transaction = new FloatingObjectPlacementTransaction(delegate,
+                new ObjectContinuationBundle.PlacementKey(ObjectContinuationBundle.Kind.FLOATING, 0, 0, 0));
+        NativeBlockState canopy = mock(NativeBlockState.class);
+        NativeBlockState trunk = mock(NativeBlockState.class);
+        when(trunk.isSolid()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(delegate.beginTreeCanopy(any())).thenCallRealMethod();
+        when(delegate.canWriteObjectBlock(4, 101, 7)).thenReturn(true);
+        assertTrue(transaction.beginTreeCanopy(new BlockPosition(4, 101, 7)));
+        transaction.set(4, 101, 7, canopy);
+        transaction.setData(4, 101, 7, "canopy");
+        transaction.endTreeCanopy();
+        when(delegate.get(4, 101, 7)).thenReturn(trunk);
+
+        assertEquals(FloatingObjectPlacementTransaction.CommitResult.COMMITTED, transaction.commit());
+
+        verify(delegate, never()).set(4, 101, 7, canopy);
+        verify(delegate, never()).setData(4, 101, 7, "canopy");
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void unsupportedFinalTerrainRejectsBlocksTilesAndMarkersTogether() {
         IslandObjectPlacer delegate = createPlacer(false);

core/src/test/java/art/arcane/iris/generation/mantle/ObjectContinuationCanopyTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+package art.arcane.iris.generation.mantle;
+
+import art.arcane.iris.generation.block.TileData;
+import art.arcane.iris.generation.decoration.tree.TreeBlockMaterial;
+import art.arcane.iris.generation.runtime.Engine;
+import art.arcane.iris.integration.Identifier;
+import art.arcane.iris.spi.IrisPlatform;
+import art.arcane.iris.spi.IrisPlatforms;
+import art.arcane.iris.spi.PlatformRegistries;
+import art.arcane.iris.structure.object.IObjectPlacer;
+import art.arcane.iris.testsupport.PlatformLeakGuard;
+import art.arcane.iris.world.storage.matter.IrisMatterSupport;
+import art.arcane.iris.world.storage.matter.TileWrapper;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.nativelib.terrain.NativeBlockState;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.util.hunk.Hunk;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.util.mantle.runtime.Mantle;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.util.mantle.runtime.MantleChunk;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.util.math.BlockPosition;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.util.matter.IrisMatter;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.util.matter.Matter;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.util.matter.MatterSlice;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.ClassRule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertSame;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+public class ObjectContinuationCanopyTest {
+    @ClassRule
+    public static final PlatformLeakGuard PLATFORM_GUARD = PlatformLeakGuard.clean();
+
+    private IrisPlatform previous;
+    private NativeBlockState trunk;
+    private NativeBlockState canopy;
+    private NativeBlockState custom;
+
+    @Before
+    public void bindPalette() {
+        IrisMatterSupport.ensureRegistered();
+        previous = IrisPlatforms.isBound() ? IrisPlatforms.get() : null;
+        IrisPlatform platform = mock(IrisPlatform.class);
+        PlatformRegistries registries = mock(PlatformRegistries.class);
+        trunk = mock(NativeBlockState.class);
+        canopy = mock(NativeBlockState.class);
+        custom = mock(NativeBlockState.class);
+        when(trunk.key()).thenReturn("minecraft:oak_log");
+        when(trunk.isSolid()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(canopy.key()).thenReturn("minecraft:red_stained_glass");
+        when(canopy.isSolid()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(custom.isCustom()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(custom.placementBaseState()).thenReturn(canopy);
+        when(custom.deferredPlacementKey()).thenReturn("test:custom_canopy");
+        when(platform.registries()).thenReturn(registries);
+        when(registries.decodeBlockState(trunk.key())).thenReturn(trunk);
+        when(registries.decodeBlockState(canopy.key())).thenReturn(canopy);
+        IrisPlatforms.unbind();
+        IrisPlatforms.bind(platform);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void restorePalette() {
+        IrisPlatforms.unbind();
+        if (previous != null) {
+            IrisPlatforms.bind(previous);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void encodingKeepsTrunkProvenanceWhenLaterCustomCanopyOverlaps() throws Exception {
+        Matter payload = decode(List.of(
+                new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(16, NativeBlockState.class), trunk, false),
+                new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(16, String.class), "original-trunk", false),
+                new ObjectDestinationTransaction.CustomBlockMutation(key(16, NativeBlockState.class), custom, true),
+                new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(16, String.class), "rejected-canopy", true),
+                new ObjectDestinationTransaction.CustomBlockMutation(key(17, NativeBlockState.class), custom, true)));
+
+        assertSame(trunk, payload.getSlice(NativeBlockState.class).get(0, 5, 1));
+        assertEquals("original-trunk", payload.getSlice(String.class).get(0, 5, 1));
+        assertNull(payload.getSlice(Identifier.class).get(0, 5, 1));
+        assertNull(payload.getSlice(TreeCanopy.class).get(0, 5, 1));
+        assertSame(canopy, payload.getSlice(NativeBlockState.class).get(1, 5, 1));
+        assertEquals(Identifier.fromString("test:custom_canopy"), payload.getSlice(Identifier.class).get(1, 5, 1));
+        assertSame(TreeCanopy.INSTANCE, payload.getSlice(TreeCanopy.class).get(1, 5, 1));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void unconditionalBlockClearsPreviousCanopyCondition() throws Exception {
+        Matter payload = decode(List.of(
+                new ObjectDestinationTransaction.CustomBlockMutation(key(16, NativeBlockState.class), custom, true),
+                new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(16, NativeBlockState.class), trunk, false)));
+
+        assertSame(trunk, payload.getSlice(NativeBlockState.class).get(0, 5, 1));
+        MatterSlice<TreeCanopy> conditions = payload.getSlice(TreeCanopy.class);
+        assertTrue(conditions == null || conditions.get(0, 5, 1) == null);
+        MatterSlice<Identifier> identifiers = payload.getSlice(Identifier.class);
+        assertTrue(identifiers == null || identifiers.get(0, 5, 1) == null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void replayDefersCanopyAndPreservesLaterStructureMetadata() throws Exception {
+        ReplayFixture fixture = new ReplayFixture();
+        Matter payload = customPayload();
+        ObjectContinuationPersistence.restore(fixture.mantle, 1, 0, payload, fixture.blocks, false);
+        assertFalse(fixture.section.hasSlice(Identifier.class));
+        assertNull(fixture.blocks.get(0, 5, 1));
+        fixture.blocks.set(0, 5, 1, trunk);
+        Identifier existingId = Identifier.fromString("test:existing_structure");
+        TreeBlockMaterial provenance = TreeBlockMaterial.of("minecraft:oak_log");
+        TileWrapper tile = new TileWrapper(mock(TileData.class));
+        fixture.section.slice(NativeBlockState.class).set(0, 5, 1, trunk);
+        fixture.section.slice(Identifier.class).set(0, 5, 1, existingId);
+        fixture.section.slice(String.class).set(0, 5, 1, "original-trunk");
+        fixture.section.slice(TreeBlockMaterial.class).set(0, 5, 1, provenance);
+        fixture.section.slice(TileWrapper.class).set(0, 5, 1, tile);
+
+        ObjectContinuationPersistence.restore(fixture.mantle, 1, 0, payload, fixture.blocks, true);
+
+        assertSame(trunk, fixture.blocks.get(0, 5, 1));
+        assertSame(trunk, fixture.section.getSlice(NativeBlockState.class).get(0, 5, 1));
+        assertEquals(existingId, fixture.section.getSlice(Identifier.class).get(0, 5, 1));
+        assertEquals("original-trunk", fixture.section.getSlice(String.class).get(0, 5, 1));
+        assertEquals(provenance, fixture.section.getSlice(TreeBlockMaterial.class).get(0, 5, 1));
+        assertSame(tile, fixture.section.getSlice(TileWrapper.class).get(0, 5, 1));
+        assertFalse(fixture.section.hasSlice(TreeCanopy.class));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void replayPlacesCustomCanopyIntoAirAndClearsOldTileMetadata() throws Exception {
+        ReplayFixture fixture = new ReplayFixture();
+        fixture.section.slice(TileWrapper.class).set(0, 5, 1, new TileWrapper(mock(TileData.class)));
+        fixture.section.slice(TreeBlockMaterial.class).set(0, 5, 1, TreeBlockMaterial.of("minecraft:oak_log"));
+
+        ObjectContinuationPersistence.restore(fixture.mantle, 1, 0, customPayload(), fixture.blocks, true);
+
+        assertSame(canopy, fixture.blocks.get(0, 5, 1));
+        assertEquals(Identifier.fromString("test:custom_canopy"), fixture.section.getSlice(Identifier.class).get(0, 5, 1));
+        assertEquals("incoming-canopy", fixture.section.getSlice(String.class).get(0, 5, 1));
+        assertNull(fixture.section.getSlice(TileWrapper.class).get(0, 5, 1));
+        assertNull(fixture.section.getSlice(TreeBlockMaterial.class).get(0, 5, 1));
+        assertFalse(fixture.section.hasSlice(TreeCanopy.class));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public void floatingContinuationRetainsCustomCanopyCondition() throws Exception {
+        IObjectPlacer delegate = mock(IObjectPlacer.class);
+        Engine engine = mock(Engine.class);
+        EngineMantle engineMantle = mock(EngineMantle.class);
+        Mantle<Matter> mantle = mock(Mantle.class);
+        MantleChunk<Matter> firstChunk = mock(MantleChunk.class);
+        MantleChunk<Matter> secondChunk = mock(MantleChunk.class);
+        Matter first = new IrisMatter(16, 16, 16);
+        Matter second = new IrisMatter(16, 16, 16);
+        when(delegate.getEngine()).thenReturn(engine);
+        when(delegate.beginTreeCanopy(any())).thenCallRealMethod();
+        when(engine.getHeight()).thenReturn(64);
+        when(engine.getMantle()).thenReturn(engineMantle);
+        when(engineMantle.getMantle()).thenReturn(mantle);
+        when(mantle.useChunk(0, 0)).thenReturn(firstChunk);
+        when(mantle.useChunk(1, 0)).thenReturn(secondChunk);
+        when(firstChunk.getOrCreate(0)).thenReturn(first);
+        when(secondChunk.getOrCreate(0)).thenReturn(second);
+        FloatingObjectPlacementTransaction transaction = new FloatingObjectPlacementTransaction(delegate,
+                new ObjectContinuationBundle.PlacementKey(ObjectContinuationBundle.Kind.FLOATING, 0, 0, 0));
+        transaction.set(15, 5, 1, trunk);
+        assertTrue(transaction.beginTreeCanopy(new BlockPosition(16, 5, 1)));
+        transaction.set(16, 5, 1, custom);
+        transaction.setData(16, 5, 1, "floating-canopy");
+        transaction.endTreeCanopy();
+
+        assertEquals(FloatingObjectPlacementTransaction.CommitResult.COMMITTED, transaction.commit());
+
+        Matter payload = second.<ObjectContinuationBundle>getSlice(ObjectContinuationBundle.class)
+                .get(0, 0, 0).fragments().getFirst().decode();
+        assertSame(TreeCanopy.INSTANCE, payload.getSlice(TreeCanopy.class).get(0, 5, 1));
+        assertSame(canopy, payload.getSlice(NativeBlockState.class).get(0, 5, 1));
+        assertEquals(Identifier.fromString("test:custom_canopy"), payload.getSlice(Identifier.class).get(0, 5, 1));
+        assertEquals("floating-canopy", payload.getSlice(String.class).get(0, 5, 1));
+    }
+
+    private Matter customPayload() throws IOException {
+        return decode(List.of(
+                new ObjectDestinationTransaction.CustomBlockMutation(key(16, NativeBlockState.class), custom, true),
+                new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(16, String.class), "incoming-canopy", true)));
+    }
+
+    private static Matter decode(List<ObjectDestinationTransaction.Mutation> mutations) throws IOException {
+        return Matter.read(new ByteArrayInputStream(ObjectSourcePlan.encode(mutations, 64)));
+    }
+
+    private static ObjectDestinationTransaction.DataKey key(int x, Class<?> type) {
+        return new ObjectDestinationTransaction.DataKey(x, 5, 1, type);
+    }
+
+    private static final class ReplayFixture {
+        private final Mantle<Matter> mantle;
+        private final Matter section = new IrisMatter(16, 16, 16);
+        private final Hunk<NativeBlockState> blocks = Hunk.newArrayHunk(16, 64, 16);
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        private ReplayFixture() {
+            mantle = mock(Mantle.class);
+            MantleChunk<Matter> chunk = mock(MantleChunk.class);
+            when(mantle.useChunk(1, 0)).thenReturn(chunk);
+            when(chunk.get(0)).thenReturn(section);
+            when(chunk.getOrCreate(0)).thenReturn(section);
+        }
+    }
+}

core/src/test/java/art/arcane/iris/generation/mantle/ObjectContinuationTest.java

@@ -166,11 +166,11 @@ public class ObjectContinuationTest {
             properties.put("CustomName", "continued chest");
             TileWrapper tile = new TileWrapper(new TileData("minecraft:chest", properties));
             List<ObjectDestinationTransaction.Mutation> mutations = List.of(
-                    new ObjectDestinationTransaction.CustomBlockMutation(key(NativeBlockState.class), custom),
+                    new ObjectDestinationTransaction.CustomBlockMutation(key(NativeBlockState.class), custom, false),
-                    new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(String.class), "tree@42"),
+                    new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(String.class), "tree@42", false),
-                    new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(TreeBlockMaterial.class), TreeBlockMaterial.of("minecraft:oak_log")),
+                    new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(TreeBlockMaterial.class), TreeBlockMaterial.of("minecraft:oak_log"), false),
-                    new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(TileWrapper.class), tile),
+                    new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(TileWrapper.class), tile, false),
-                    new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(new ObjectDestinationTransaction.DataKey(17, 5, 1, NativeBlockState.class), air));
+                    new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(new ObjectDestinationTransaction.DataKey(17, 5, 1, NativeBlockState.class), air, false));
             ObjectContinuationBundle.Fragment fragment = new ObjectContinuationBundle.Fragment(
                     new ObjectContinuationBundle.PlacementKey(ObjectContinuationBundle.Kind.BIOME, 0, 0, 2), new ObjectContinuationBundle.Bounds(15, 1, 17, 1),
                     List.of(new ObjectContinuationBundle.ChunkPosition(0, 0), new ObjectContinuationBundle.ChunkPosition(1, 0)),
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ public class ObjectContinuationTest {
         ObjectContinuationBundle.Fragment fragment = new ObjectContinuationBundle.Fragment(
                 new ObjectContinuationBundle.PlacementKey(ObjectContinuationBundle.Kind.BIOME, 0, 0, 0), new ObjectContinuationBundle.Bounds(15, 1, 16, 1),
                 List.of(new ObjectContinuationBundle.ChunkPosition(0, 0), new ObjectContinuationBundle.ChunkPosition(1, 0)),
-                ObjectSourcePlan.encode(List.of(new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(IrisSpawner.class), spawner)), 64));
+                ObjectSourcePlan.encode(List.of(new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(IrisSpawner.class), spawner, false)), 64));
 
         try (IrisMatterContext.Scope outer = IrisMatterContext.open(current)) {
             assertThrows(IOException.class, fragment::decode);
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ public class ObjectContinuationTest {
     }
 
     private static ObjectDestinationTransaction.Mutation marker(int x, String marker) {
-        return new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(new ObjectDestinationTransaction.DataKey(x, 5, 1, String.class), marker);
+        return new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(new ObjectDestinationTransaction.DataKey(x, 5, 1, String.class), marker, false);
     }
 
     private static final class Fixture {

core/src/test/java/art/arcane/iris/generation/mantle/ObjectDestinationTransactionTest.java

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ import art.arcane.iris.generation.terrain.Terrain3DColumnFixtures;
 import art.arcane.iris.spi.IrisPlatform;
 import art.arcane.iris.spi.IrisPlatforms;
 import art.arcane.volmlib.nativelib.terrain.NativeBlockState;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.util.math.BlockPosition;
+import art.arcane.iris.structure.object.DecayControlPlacer;
 import art.arcane.iris.spi.PlatformRegistries;
 import art.arcane.iris.testsupport.BukkitTestServer;
 import art.arcane.iris.world.storage.matter.IrisMatterSupport;
@@ -51,6 +53,89 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 public class ObjectDestinationTransactionTest {
+    @Test
+    public void separateSourceCanopiesPreservePriorSolidsAndTheirMetadata() {
+        for (boolean custom : new boolean[]{false, true}) {
+            MantleWriter writer = writer();
+            NativeBlockState trunk = mock(NativeBlockState.class);
+            NativeBlockState canopy = mock(NativeBlockState.class);
+            NativeBlockState base = mock(NativeBlockState.class);
+            when(trunk.isSolid()).thenReturn(true);
+            if (custom) {
+                when(canopy.isCustom()).thenReturn(true);
+                when(canopy.deferredPlacementKey()).thenReturn("test:canopy");
+                when(canopy.placementBaseState()).thenReturn(base);
+            }
+            TreeBlockMaterial trunkMaterial = new TreeBlockMaterial("test:trunk");
+            TreeBlockMaterial canopyMaterial = new TreeBlockMaterial("test:canopy");
+            ObjectDestinationTransaction source = new ObjectDestinationTransaction(writer, 0, 0);
+            DecayControlPlacer placer = new DecayControlPlacer(source);
+            for (int x : new int[]{17, 18}) {
+                assertTrue(placer.beginTreeCanopy(new BlockPosition(x, 7, 1)));
+                placer.set(x, 7, 1, canopy);
+                placer.setData(x, 7, 1, "canopy");
+                placer.setData(x, 7, 1, canopyMaterial);
+                placer.endTreeCanopy();
+            }
+            ObjectSourcePlan plan = source.sourcePlanSince(0);
+            for (ObjectDestinationTransaction.Mutation mutation : plan.mutationsFor(1, 0)) {
+                assertTrue(mutation.canopy());
+            }
+            ObjectDestinationTransaction destination = new ObjectDestinationTransaction(writer, 1, 0);
+            destination.set(17, 7, 1, trunk);
+            destination.setData(17, 7, 1, "trunk");
+            destination.setData(17, 7, 1, trunkMaterial);
+            destination.apply(plan);
+            assertSame(trunk, destination.get(17, 7, 1));
+            assertEquals("trunk", destination.getDataIfPresent(17, 7, 1, String.class));
+            assertEquals(trunkMaterial, destination.getDataIfPresent(17, 7, 1, TreeBlockMaterial.class));
+            assertNull(destination.getDataIfPresent(17, 7, 1, Identifier.class));
+            assertSame(custom ? base : canopy, destination.get(18, 7, 1));
+            assertEquals("canopy", destination.getDataIfPresent(18, 7, 1, String.class));
+            destination.commit();
+            verify(writer, never()).set(17, 7, 1, canopy);
+            verify(writer, never()).setData(17, 7, 1, canopy);
+            verify(writer, never()).setData(17, 7, 1, "canopy");
+            verify(writer, never()).setData(17, 7, 1, canopyMaterial);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void skippedCanopyDoesNotSuppressLaterWoodAtTheSameCell() {
+        MantleWriter writer = writer();
+        NativeBlockState existing = mock(NativeBlockState.class);
+        NativeBlockState canopy = mock(NativeBlockState.class);
+        NativeBlockState replacement = mock(NativeBlockState.class);
+        when(existing.isSolid()).thenReturn(true);
+        ObjectDestinationTransaction source = new ObjectDestinationTransaction(writer, 0, 0);
+        assertTrue(source.beginTreeCanopy(new BlockPosition(17, 7, 1)));
+        source.set(17, 7, 1, canopy);
+        source.setData(17, 7, 1, "canopy");
+        source.endTreeCanopy();
+        source.set(17, 7, 1, replacement);
+        source.setData(17, 7, 1, "replacement");
+        ObjectDestinationTransaction destination = new ObjectDestinationTransaction(writer, 1, 0);
+        destination.set(17, 7, 1, existing);
+        destination.apply(source.sourcePlanSince(0));
+        assertSame(replacement, destination.get(17, 7, 1));
+        assertEquals("replacement", destination.getDataIfPresent(17, 7, 1, String.class));
+        destination.commit();
+        verify(writer, never()).setData(17, 7, 1, canopy);
+        verify(writer, never()).setData(17, 7, 1, "canopy");
+        verify(writer).setData(17, 7, 1, replacement);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void canopyCaptureRejectsExistingSolidsWithoutMutations() {
+        MantleWriter writer = writer();
+        NativeBlockState solid = mock(NativeBlockState.class);
+        when(solid.isSolid()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(writer.getPrerequisiteBlock(4, 7, 1)).thenReturn(solid);
+        ObjectDestinationTransaction source = new ObjectDestinationTransaction(writer, 0, 0);
+        assertFalse(source.beginTreeCanopy(new BlockPosition(4, 7, 1)));
+        assertEquals(0, source.mutationCheckpoint());
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void sourceCaptureCannotReplaceAuthoredRoomSolids() {
         MantleWriter writer = writer();

core/src/test/java/art/arcane/iris/generation/mantle/ObjectSourcePlanCacheTest.java

@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ public class ObjectSourcePlanCacheTest {
         List<ObjectDestinationTransaction.Mutation> mutations = new ArrayList<>();
         for (int[] chunk : chunks) {
             mutations.add(new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(
-                    new ObjectDestinationTransaction.DataKey(chunk[0] << 4, 4, chunk[1] << 4, String.class), "marker"));
+                    new ObjectDestinationTransaction.DataKey(chunk[0] << 4, 4, chunk[1] << 4, String.class), "marker", false));
         }
         return new ObjectSourcePlan(mutations);
     }

core/src/test/java/art/arcane/iris/generation/mantle/ObjectSourcePlanTest.java

@@ -74,14 +74,14 @@ public class ObjectSourcePlanTest {
                     int z = centerZ + random.nextInt(2 * reach + 1) - reach;
                     int y = random.nextInt(768);
                     mutations.add(switch (random.nextInt(6)) {
-                        case 0 -> new ObjectDestinationTransaction.CustomBlockMutation(key(x, y, z, NativeBlockState.class), custom);
+                        case 0 -> new ObjectDestinationTransaction.CustomBlockMutation(key(x, y, z, NativeBlockState.class), custom, random.nextBoolean());
-                        case 1 -> new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(x, y, z, String.class), placementMarker);
+                        case 1 -> new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(x, y, z, String.class), placementMarker, random.nextBoolean());
                         case 2 -> new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(x, y, z, TreeBlockMaterial.class),
-                                new TreeBlockMaterial("minecraft:oak_log"));
+                                new TreeBlockMaterial("minecraft:oak_log"), random.nextBoolean());
-                        case 3 -> new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(x, y, z, MatterMarker.class), marker);
+                        case 3 -> new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(x, y, z, MatterMarker.class), marker, random.nextBoolean());
                         default -> {
                             NativeBlockState state = states[random.nextInt(states.length)];
-                            yield new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(x, y, z, NativeBlockState.class), state);
+                            yield new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(x, y, z, NativeBlockState.class), state, random.nextBoolean());
                         }
                     });
                 }
@@ -109,11 +109,11 @@ public class ObjectSourcePlanTest {
     @Test
     public void heightsOutsideThePackedRangeAreRejected() {
         assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> new ObjectSourcePlan(List.of(
-                new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(0, -1, 0, String.class), "marker"))));
+                new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(0, -1, 0, String.class), "marker", false))));
         assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> new ObjectSourcePlan(List.of(
-                new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(0, 1 << 22, 0, String.class), "marker"))));
+                new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(0, 1 << 22, 0, String.class), "marker", false))));
         assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> new ObjectSourcePlan(List.of(
-                new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(0, 4, 0, Object.class), "marker"))));
+                new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(0, 4, 0, Object.class), "marker", false))));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ public class ObjectSourcePlanTest {
         List<ObjectDestinationTransaction.Mutation> trees = new ArrayList<>();
         for (int index = 0; index < 100; index++) {
             trees.add(new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key(index & 15, 4, 0, TreeBlockMaterial.class),
-                    new TreeBlockMaterial("minecraft:oak_log")));
+                    new TreeBlockMaterial("minecraft:oak_log"), false));
         }
         int single = new ObjectSourcePlan(one).estimatedRetainedBytes();
 
@@ -150,15 +150,15 @@ public class ObjectSourcePlanTest {
     @Test
     public void retainedBytesIncludeVariableLengthMarkers() {
         ObjectDestinationTransaction.DataKey key = new ObjectDestinationTransaction.DataKey(0, 4, 0, String.class);
-        ObjectSourcePlan shortMarker = new ObjectSourcePlan(List.of(new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key, "a")));
+        ObjectSourcePlan shortMarker = new ObjectSourcePlan(List.of(new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key, "a", false)));
-        ObjectSourcePlan longMarker = new ObjectSourcePlan(List.of(new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key, "a".repeat(4096))));
+        ObjectSourcePlan longMarker = new ObjectSourcePlan(List.of(new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(key, "a".repeat(4096), false)));
         assertTrue(longMarker.estimatedRetainedBytes() - shortMarker.estimatedRetainedBytes() >= 8190);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void unknownPayloadsAreWeighedInsteadOfDisablingRetention() {
         ObjectSourcePlan unknown = new ObjectSourcePlan(List.of(new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(
-                key(0, 4, 0, Object.class), new Object())));
+                key(0, 4, 0, Object.class), new Object(), false)));
 
         assertTrue(unknown.estimatedRetainedBytes() > new ObjectSourcePlan(List.of(mutationAt(0, 0))).estimatedRetainedBytes());
         assertTrue(unknown.estimatedRetainedBytes() < 4096);
@@ -169,9 +169,9 @@ public class ObjectSourcePlanTest {
         List<ObjectDestinationTransaction.Mutation> shortMarkers = List.of(mutationAt(0, 0), mutationAt(16, 0));
         List<ObjectDestinationTransaction.Mutation> longMarkers = List.of(
                 new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(
-                        new ObjectDestinationTransaction.DataKey(0, 4, 0, String.class), "a".repeat(4096)),
+                        new ObjectDestinationTransaction.DataKey(0, 4, 0, String.class), "a".repeat(4096), false),
                 new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(
-                        new ObjectDestinationTransaction.DataKey(16, 4, 0, String.class), "b".repeat(4096)));
+                        new ObjectDestinationTransaction.DataKey(16, 4, 0, String.class), "b".repeat(4096), false));
         ObjectDestinationTransaction.PlacementRange whole = new ObjectDestinationTransaction.PlacementRange(0, 2);
         ObjectSourcePlan shortPlain = new ObjectSourcePlan(shortMarkers);
         ObjectSourcePlan shortCrossing = new ObjectSourcePlan(shortMarkers, List.of(whole));
@@ -224,6 +224,6 @@ public class ObjectSourcePlanTest {
 
     private static ObjectDestinationTransaction.Mutation mutationAt(int x, int z) {
         return new ObjectDestinationTransaction.SetMutation(
-                new ObjectDestinationTransaction.DataKey(x, 4, z, String.class), "marker");
+                new ObjectDestinationTransaction.DataKey(x, 4, z, String.class), "marker", false);
     }
 }

core/src/test/java/art/arcane/iris/pack/schema/SchemaBuilderIdentityTest.java

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ public class SchemaBuilderIdentityTest {
     @ClassRule
     public static final PlatformLeakGuard PLATFORM_GUARD = PlatformLeakGuard.clean();
 
-    private static final String EXPECTED_SCHEMA_DIGEST = "c99b0db94bfd6f316738beb87401edde5b52eed11bfa419148bb2e8c08b0d7a9";
+    private static final String EXPECTED_SCHEMA_DIGEST = "f0be31c11f7b03061a88387c66578058f447e5803cabe536a34721066d2bc636";
 
     private static final List<Class<?>> SCHEMA_ROOTS = List.of(
             IrisDimension.class,

core/src/test/java/art/arcane/iris/structure/object/TreeGroundingPlacementTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,498 @@
+package art.arcane.iris.structure.object;
+
+import art.arcane.iris.generation.decoration.tree.IrisProceduralTree;
+import art.arcane.iris.generation.decoration.tree.ProceduralTreeGenerator;
+import art.arcane.iris.generation.decoration.tree.TreeBlockCanvas;
+import art.arcane.iris.generation.decoration.tree.TreeGrounding;
+import art.arcane.iris.generation.geometry.IrisBlockVector;
+import art.arcane.iris.generation.runtime.Engine;
+import art.arcane.iris.generation.terrain.IrisDimension;
+import art.arcane.iris.pack.loading.IrisData;
+import art.arcane.iris.testsupport.PlatformBinding;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.nativelib.terrain.NativeBlockState;
+import art.arcane.volmlib.util.math.RNG;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotSame;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertSame;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+public class TreeGroundingPlacementTest {
+    private static final int SURFACE_Y = 80;
+
+    @Rule
+    public final PlatformBinding platform = PlatformBinding.mockPlatform();
+
+    private IrisData data;
+    private NativeBlockState wood;
+    private NativeBlockState leaves;
+
+    @Before
+    public void bindStates() {
+        wood = state("minecraft:oak_log");
+        leaves = state("minecraft:oak_leaves");
+        when(leaves.isFoliage()).thenReturn(true);
+        Engine engine = mock(Engine.class);
+        when(engine.getHeight()).thenReturn(256);
+        data = mock(IrisData.class);
+        when(data.getEngine()).thenReturn(engine);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void flatGroundKeepsTheAuthoredBase() {
+        IrisObject tree = tree(true);
+        Terrain terrain = new Terrain();
+
+        assertTrue(place(tree, terrain, placement()) >= 0);
+
+        assertEquals(tree.getBlocks().size(), terrain.written.size());
+        assertSame(wood, terrain.written.get(new Position(0, 80, 0)));
+        assertSame(wood, terrain.written.get(new Position(1, 81, 0)));
+        assertFalse(terrain.written.containsKey(new Position(1, 79, 0)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void gentleSlopeExtendsOnlyUnsupportedRootColumns() {
+        Terrain terrain = new Terrain();
+        terrain.heights.put(new Column(1, 0), 77);
+
+        assertTrue(place(tree(true), terrain, placement()) >= 0);
+
+        for (int y = 77; y <= 81; y++) {
+            assertSame(wood, terrain.written.get(new Position(1, y, 0)));
+        }
+        assertFalse(terrain.written.containsKey(new Position(0, 79, 0)));
+        assertFalse(terrain.written.containsKey(new Position(2, 79, 0)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void cliffRejectionWritesNoPartOfTheTreeOrListener() {
+        Terrain terrain = new Terrain();
+        terrain.heights.put(new Column(1, 0), 70);
+        Map<Position, NativeBlockState> observed = new HashMap<>();
+
+        int result = tree(true).place(0, -1, 0, terrain.placer, placement(), new RNG(42L),
+                (position, state) -> observed.put(new Position(position.getX(), position.getY(), position.getZ()), state),
+                null, data);
+
+        assertEquals(-1, result);
+        assertTrue(terrain.written.isEmpty());
+        assertTrue(observed.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void carvedRootContactRejectsBeforeWriting() {
+        Terrain terrain = new Terrain();
+        terrain.carved.add(new Position(1, 79, 0));
+
+        assertEquals(-1, place(tree(true), terrain, placement()));
+
+        assertTrue(terrain.written.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void rotatedTranslatedRootsUseTheirFinalWorldCoordinates() {
+        Terrain terrain = new Terrain();
+        terrain.heights.put(new Column(13, 17), 78);
+        IrisObjectPlacement placement = placement();
+        placement.setRotation(IrisObjectRotation.of(0, 90, 0));
+        placement.setTranslate(new IrisObjectTranslate().setX(2).setY(1).setZ(3));
+
+        int result = tree(true).place(10, -1, 20, terrain.placer, placement, new RNG(42L), data);
+
+        assertTrue(result >= 0);
+        assertSame(wood, terrain.written.get(new Position(13, 81, 18)));
+        for (int y = 78; y <= 82; y++) {
+            assertSame(wood, terrain.written.get(new Position(13, y, 17)));
+        }
+        assertFalse(terrain.written.containsKey(new Position(11, 80, 20)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void rootlessTreesRequireContactWithoutAddingRoots() {
+        Terrain flat = new Terrain();
+        IrisObject rootless = tree(false);
+        assertTrue(place(rootless, flat, placement()) >= 0);
+        assertEquals(rootless.getBlocks().size(), flat.written.size());
+
+        Terrain slope = new Terrain();
+        slope.heights.put(new Column(1, 0), 79);
+
+        assertEquals(-1, place(rootless, slope, placement()));
+        assertTrue(slope.written.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void placementListenerReceivesEveryGroundingBlock() {
+        Terrain terrain = new Terrain();
+        terrain.heights.put(new Column(1, 0), 77);
+        Map<Position, NativeBlockState> observed = new HashMap<>();
+
+        int result = tree(true).place(0, -1, 0, terrain.placer, placement(), new RNG(42L),
+                (position, state) -> observed.put(new Position(position.getX(), position.getY(), position.getZ()), state),
+                null, data);
+
+        assertTrue(result >= 0);
+        assertEquals(terrain.written, observed);
+        assertSame(wood, observed.get(new Position(1, 77, 0)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void repeatedPlacementDoesNotMutateCachedVariants() {
+        IrisObject tree = tree(true);
+        Map<Position, NativeBlockState> original = snapshot(tree);
+        TreeGrounding originalGrounding = tree.getTreeGrounding();
+        Terrain first = new Terrain();
+        first.heights.put(new Column(1, 0), 77);
+        Terrain cliff = new Terrain();
+        cliff.heights.put(new Column(1, 0), 60);
+        Terrain second = new Terrain();
+        second.heights.put(new Column(1, 0), 77);
+
+        assertTrue(place(tree, first, placement()) >= 0);
+        assertEquals(-1, place(tree, cliff, placement()));
+        assertTrue(place(tree, second, placement()) >= 0);
+
+        assertEquals(first.written, second.written);
+        assertEquals(original, snapshot(tree));
+        assertSame(originalGrounding, tree.getTreeGrounding());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void canopyOverhangDoesNotBecomeAGroundSupportFootprint() {
+        Terrain terrain = new Terrain();
+        terrain.heights.put(new Column(4, 0), 20);
+        terrain.carved.add(new Position(4, 20, 0));
+
+        assertTrue(place(tree(true), terrain, placement()) >= 0);
+
+        assertSame(leaves, terrain.written.get(new Position(4, 84, 0)));
+        assertFalse(terrain.written.containsKey(new Position(4, 80, 0)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void genericStiltingDoesNotRepeatTheRootBase() {
+        IrisObject tree = tree(true);
+        Terrain ordinary = new Terrain();
+        ordinary.heights.put(new Column(1, 0), 77);
+        Terrain stilted = new Terrain();
+        stilted.heights.put(new Column(1, 0), 77);
+
+        assertTrue(place(tree, ordinary, placement()) >= 0);
+        assertTrue(place(tree, stilted, placement().setMode(ObjectPlaceMode.CENTER_STILT)) >= 0);
+
+        assertEquals(ordinary.written, stilted.written);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void generatedLeaningTreesKeepTheirTrunkAtThePlacementOrigin() {
+        NativeBlockState stone = state("minecraft:stone");
+        when(platform.registries().block(anyString())).thenReturn(stone);
+        when(platform.registries().blockOrNull(anyString(), anyBoolean())).thenReturn(stone);
+        IrisProceduralTree definition = new IrisProceduralTree();
+        definition.setTrunk("minecraft:stone");
+        definition.setLeaves("minecraft:stone");
+        definition.setLeanAngle(40);
+        definition.setLeanAzimuth(90);
+        definition.setRoots(false);
+        definition.setPlausible(false);
+
+        IrisObject generated = ProceduralTreeGenerator.generate(definition, 20, new RNG(42L), data);
+
+        assertNotNull(generated);
+        assertNotNull(generated.getTreeGrounding());
+        List<TreeGrounding.Root> roots = generated.getTreeGrounding().roots();
+        assertEquals(1, roots.size());
+        assertEquals(0, roots.getFirst().x());
+        assertEquals(0, roots.getFirst().z());
+        assertEquals(1 - generated.getCenter().getBlockY(), roots.getFirst().y());
+        Terrain terrain = new Terrain();
+        assertTrue(place(generated, terrain, placement()) >= 0);
+        assertSame(stone, terrain.written.get(new Position(0, 81, 0)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void scaledVariantsRetainGroundingAtCliffs() {
+        IrisObject source = tree(true);
+        Map<Position, NativeBlockState> original = snapshot(source);
+        for (double scale : new double[]{1.5, 2, 3}) {
+            IrisObjectPlacement placement = placement();
+            IrisObject scaled = placement.scaleObject(new RNG(42L), source,
+                    new IrisDimension().setAllObjectScaleFactor(scale));
+            assertNotSame(source, scaled);
+            assertGroundingMatchesBlocks(scaled);
+            Terrain terrain = new Terrain();
+            for (TreeGrounding.Root root : scaled.getTreeGrounding().roots()) {
+                if (root.x() != 0 || root.z() != 0) {
+                    terrain.heights.put(new Column(root.x(), root.z()), 40);
+                }
+            }
+            assertFalse(terrain.heights.isEmpty());
+
+            assertEquals(-1, place(scaled, terrain, placement));
+
+            assertTrue(terrain.written.isEmpty());
+            assertEquals(original, snapshot(source));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void scaledRootMetadataMatchesBlocksForBothOrigins() {
+        IrisObject source = tree(true);
+        TreeGrounding grounding = source.getTreeGrounding();
+        for (double scale : new double[]{0.5, 1.5, 2, 3}) {
+            IrisObject centered = source.scaled(scale, IrisObjectPlacementScaleInterpolator.NONE);
+            IrisObject savedOrigin = source.scaledAroundOrigin(scale, IrisObjectPlacementScaleInterpolator.NONE);
+
+            assertGroundingMatchesBlocks(centered);
+            assertGroundingMatchesBlocks(savedOrigin);
+            assertEquals((int) Math.ceil(3 * scale), centered.getTreeGrounding().maxExtension());
+            assertEquals((int) Math.ceil(3 * scale), savedOrigin.getTreeGrounding().maxExtension());
+            assertSame(grounding, source.getTreeGrounding());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void rotatedCopiesKeepMetadataOnTheirActualRootBlocks() {
+        IrisObject source = tree(true);
+        Map<Position, NativeBlockState> original = snapshot(source);
+        TreeGrounding grounding = source.getTreeGrounding();
+        for (int angle : new int[]{45, 90, 180, 270}) {
+            IrisObject rotated = source.rotateCopy(IrisObjectRotation.of(0, angle, 0));
+
+            assertGroundingMatchesBlocks(rotated);
+            assertEquals(3, rotated.getTreeGrounding().maxExtension());
+            assertEquals(original, snapshot(source));
+            assertSame(grounding, source.getTreeGrounding());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shrinkwrapMovesRootMetadataAndInvalidatesItsFootprint() {
+        IrisObject source = tree(true);
+        Map<Position, NativeBlockState> original = snapshot(source);
+        IrisObject shrunk = source.copy();
+        List<IrisBlockVector> oldFootprint = List.copyOf(shrunk.getSurfaceSupportOffsets());
+
+        shrunk.shrinkwrap();
+
+        assertGroundingMatchesBlocks(shrunk);
+        assertFalse(oldFootprint.equals(shrunk.getSurfaceSupportOffsets()));
+        assertEquals(shrunk.getTreeGrounding().supportOffsets(), shrunk.getSurfaceSupportOffsets());
+        assertEquals(original, snapshot(source));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void overlappingCanopiesPreserveWoodAndSkipListenerWrites() {
+        for (Palette palette : List.of(new Palette("minecraft:oak_wood", "minecraft:birch_leaves"),
+                new Palette("minecraft:warped_hyphae", "minecraft:warped_wart_block"),
+                new Palette("test:trunk", "test:canopy"))) {
+            wood = state(palette.trunk());
+            leaves = state(palette.canopy());
+            Terrain terrain = new Terrain();
+            IrisObject earlier = tree(true);
+            earlier.getBlocks().put(new IrisBlockVector(0, 1, 0), wood);
+            assertTrue(earlier.place(4, -1, 0, terrain.placer, placement(), new RNG(42L), data) >= 0);
+            IrisObject later = tree(true);
+            later.getBlocks().put(new IrisBlockVector(4, 2, 0), leaves);
+            later.setTreeGrounding(TreeGrounding.create(later.getTreeGrounding().roots(), 3,
+                    Set.of(new TreeBlockCanvas.Vec(4, 1, 0), new TreeBlockCanvas.Vec(4, 2, 0))));
+            Map<Position, NativeBlockState> observed = new HashMap<>();
+
+            int result = later.place(0, -1, 0, terrain.placer, placement(), new RNG(42L),
+                    (position, state) -> observed.put(new Position(position.getX(), position.getY(), position.getZ()), state),
+                    null, data);
+
+            assertTrue(result >= 0);
+            assertSame(wood, terrain.written.get(new Position(4, 84, 0)));
+            assertFalse(observed.containsKey(new Position(4, 84, 0)));
+            assertSame(leaves, observed.get(new Position(4, 85, 0)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void canopyRolesRemainDistinctWhenWoodAndLeavesShareAMaterial() {
+        leaves = wood;
+        NativeBlockState existing = state("test:older_trunk");
+        Terrain terrain = new Terrain();
+        terrain.written.put(new Position(4, 84, 0), existing);
+        terrain.written.put(new Position(0, 83, 0), existing);
+
+        assertTrue(place(tree(true), terrain, placement()) >= 0);
+
+        assertSame(existing, terrain.written.get(new Position(4, 84, 0)));
+        assertSame(wood, terrain.written.get(new Position(0, 83, 0)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void treeWoodStillReplacesOverlappingCanopy() {
+        Terrain terrain = new Terrain();
+        terrain.written.put(new Position(0, 83, 0), leaves);
+
+        assertTrue(place(tree(true), terrain, placement()) >= 0);
+
+        assertSame(wood, terrain.written.get(new Position(0, 83, 0)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void ordinaryObjectCanopiesKeepTheirPlacementSemantics() {
+        Terrain terrain = new Terrain();
+        terrain.written.put(new Position(4, 84, 0), wood);
+        IrisObject ordinary = tree(true);
+        ordinary.setTreeGrounding(null);
+
+        assertTrue(place(ordinary, terrain, placement()) >= 0);
+
+        assertSame(leaves, terrain.written.get(new Position(4, 84, 0)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void transformedCanopyRolesStillProtectExistingSolids() {
+        IrisObject source = tree(true);
+        IrisObject shrunk = source.copy();
+        shrunk.shrinkwrap();
+        for (IrisObject transformed : List.of(source.copy(), shrunk,
+                source.rotateCopy(IrisObjectRotation.of(0, 90, 0)),
+                source.scaled(2, IrisObjectPlacementScaleInterpolator.NONE),
+                source.scaledAroundOrigin(2, IrisObjectPlacementScaleInterpolator.NONE))) {
+            assertGroundingMatchesBlocks(transformed);
+            TreeBlockCanvas.Vec canopy = transformed.getTreeGrounding().canopy().iterator().next();
+            Position target = new Position(canopy.x(), 100 + canopy.y(), canopy.z());
+            NativeBlockState existing = state("test:older_trunk");
+            Terrain terrain = new Terrain();
+            terrain.written.put(target, existing);
+
+            assertTrue(transformed.place(0, 100, 0, terrain.placer, placement(), new RNG(42L), data) >= 0);
+
+            assertSame(existing, terrain.written.get(target));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int place(IrisObject tree, Terrain terrain, IrisObjectPlacement placement) {
+        return tree.place(0, -1, 0, terrain.placer, placement, new RNG(42L), data);
+    }
+
+    private IrisObjectPlacement placement() {
+        return new IrisObjectPlacement().setMode(ObjectPlaceMode.CENTER_HEIGHT)
+                .setRotation(IrisObjectRotation.of(0, 0, 0)).setSurfaceSupportBuffer(0);
+    }
+
+    private IrisObject tree(boolean rooted) {
+        IrisObject tree = new IrisObject(9, 7, 3);
+        tree.setLoader(data);
+        tree.getBlocks().put(new IrisBlockVector(0, -2, 0), wood);
+        tree.getBlocks().put(new IrisBlockVector(0, -1, 0), wood);
+        tree.getBlocks().put(new IrisBlockVector(0, 0, 0), wood);
+        tree.getBlocks().put(new IrisBlockVector(1, -2, 0), wood);
+        tree.getBlocks().put(new IrisBlockVector(4, 0, 0), wood);
+        tree.getBlocks().put(new IrisBlockVector(4, 1, 0), leaves);
+        List<TreeGrounding.Root> roots = new ArrayList<>();
+        if (rooted) {
+            tree.getBlocks().put(new IrisBlockVector(0, -3, 0), wood);
+            roots.add(new TreeGrounding.Root(0, -3, 0, wood));
+        } else {
+            roots.add(new TreeGrounding.Root(0, -2, 0, wood));
+        }
+        roots.add(new TreeGrounding.Root(1, -2, 0, wood));
+        tree.setTreeGrounding(TreeGrounding.create(roots, rooted ? 3 : 0,
+                Set.of(new TreeBlockCanvas.Vec(4, 1, 0))));
+        return tree;
+    }
+
+    private static Map<Position, NativeBlockState> snapshot(IrisObject tree) {
+        Map<Position, NativeBlockState> snapshot = new HashMap<>();
+        for (Map.Entry<IrisBlockVector, NativeBlockState> entry : tree.getBlocks()) {
+            IrisBlockVector position = entry.getKey();
+            snapshot.put(new Position(position.getBlockX(), position.getBlockY(), position.getBlockZ()), entry.getValue());
+        }
+        return snapshot;
+    }
+
+    private void assertGroundingMatchesBlocks(IrisObject tree) {
+        TreeGrounding grounding = tree.getTreeGrounding();
+        assertNotNull(grounding);
+        assertFalse(grounding.roots().isEmpty());
+        Set<Column> columns = new HashSet<>();
+        for (TreeGrounding.Root root : grounding.roots()) {
+            assertTrue(columns.add(new Column(root.x(), root.z())));
+            assertSame(root.state(), tree.getBlocks().get(new IrisBlockVector(root.x(), root.y(), root.z())));
+            assertFalse(root.state().isFoliage());
+        }
+        for (Map.Entry<IrisBlockVector, NativeBlockState> entry : tree.getBlocks()) {
+            IrisBlockVector cell = entry.getKey();
+            assertEquals(entry.getValue() == leaves, grounding.isCanopy(cell.getBlockX(), cell.getBlockY(), cell.getBlockZ()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static NativeBlockState state(String key) {
+        NativeBlockState state = mock(NativeBlockState.class);
+        when(state.key()).thenReturn(key);
+        when(state.materialKey()).thenReturn(key);
+        when(state.isSolid()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(state.isOccluding()).thenReturn(true);
+        return state;
+    }
+
+    private static final class Terrain {
+        private final IObjectPlacer placer = mock(IObjectPlacer.class);
+        private final Map<Column, Integer> heights = new HashMap<>();
+        private final Map<Position, NativeBlockState> written = new HashMap<>();
+        private final Set<Position> carved = new HashSet<>();
+
+        private Terrain() {
+            when(placer.beginTreeCanopy(any())).thenCallRealMethod();
+            when(placer.getHighest(anyInt(), anyInt(), any())).thenAnswer(invocation ->
+                    surface(invocation.getArgument(0), invocation.getArgument(1)));
+            when(placer.getHighest(anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), anyBoolean())).thenAnswer(invocation ->
+                    surface(invocation.getArgument(0), invocation.getArgument(1)));
+            when(placer.isSurfaceSolid(anyInt(), anyInt(), anyInt())).thenAnswer(invocation -> {
+                int x = invocation.getArgument(0);
+                int y = invocation.getArgument(1);
+                int z = invocation.getArgument(2);
+                return y >= 0 && y <= surface(x, z) && !carved.contains(new Position(x, y, z));
+            });
+            when(placer.isCarved(anyInt(), anyInt(), anyInt())).thenAnswer(invocation ->
+                    carved.contains(new Position(invocation.getArgument(0), invocation.getArgument(1), invocation.getArgument(2))));
+            when(placer.get(anyInt(), anyInt(), anyInt())).thenAnswer(invocation ->
+                    written.get(new Position(invocation.getArgument(0), invocation.getArgument(1), invocation.getArgument(2))));
+            doAnswer(invocation -> {
+                Position position = new Position(invocation.getArgument(0), invocation.getArgument(1), invocation.getArgument(2));
+                NativeBlockState state = invocation.getArgument(3);
+                written.put(position, state);
+                return null;
+            }).when(placer).set(anyInt(), anyInt(), anyInt(), any());
+        }
+
+        private int surface(int x, int z) {
+            return heights.getOrDefault(new Column(x, z), SURFACE_Y);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private record Column(int x, int z) {
+    }
+
+    private record Position(int x, int y, int z) {
+    }
+
+    private record Palette(String trunk, String canopy) {
+    }
+}