Follow the layer slider live and keep a ghost of what it cuts away

Cutting layers no longer rebuilds the mesh: it is built once with the top
faces hidden by the block above kept aside, so a cut is a quick filter on
the UI thread and the view follows the slider while it is dragged. The
cut-away part stays as a faint ghost that only fills pixels the shown part
leaves empty, so the object's shape stays readable without hazing over
the floor being looked into.

Model used: Claude Opus 5.5

core/src/main/java/com/volmit/iris/core/gui/ObjectExplorer.java

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ final class ObjectExplorer {
     private final UUID worldId;
     private final ObjectBrowser browser = new ObjectBrowser(this::showObject);
     private final ObjectViewport viewport = new ObjectViewport();
-    private final ObjectLayerCut layerCut = new ObjectLayerCut(shownLayers -> rebuildShownMesh());
+    private final ObjectLayerCut layerCut = new ObjectLayerCut(shownLayers -> showLayerCut());
     private final JComponent viewWithLayerCut = layerCut.floatingOver(viewport);
     private final ObjectOverviewPanel overview = new ObjectOverviewPanel(this::showSeeThrough);
     private final StudioStatusBar statusBar = new StudioStatusBar();
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ final class ObjectExplorer {
     private volatile BiomeTintColors tintColors;
     private String shownKey;
     private LoadedObject shown;
+    private ObjectMesh wholeMesh;
     private Set<String> seeThroughTypes = Set.of();
 
     ObjectExplorer(Engine engine, UUID worldId) {
@@ -159,6 +160,7 @@ final class ObjectExplorer {
     private void showObject(String key) {
         shownKey = key;
         shown = null;
+        wholeMesh = null;
         meshRevision.incrementAndGet();
         long revision = objectRevision.incrementAndGet();
         viewport.showMessage("Loading " + key + "...");
@@ -197,6 +199,7 @@ final class ObjectExplorer {
             return;
         }
         shown = loaded;
+        wholeMesh = loaded.mesh();
         seeThroughTypes = Set.of();
         statusBar.showActivity("");
         viewport.show(loaded.mesh());
@@ -216,46 +219,42 @@ final class ObjectExplorer {
 
     private void showSeeThrough(Set<String> blockTypes) {
         seeThroughTypes = blockTypes;
-        rebuildShownMesh();
+        rebuildWholeMesh();
     }
 
-    // Blocks under the cut that were covered by the ones above get their hidden faces back, so each floor shows, and
-    // blocks behind see-through ones get theirs back too.
-    private void rebuildShownMesh() {
+    // Blocks behind see-through ones get their hidden faces back, so the mesh is built again.
+    private void rebuildWholeMesh() {
         LoadedObject object = shown;
         if (object == null) {
             return;
         }
         long revision = meshRevision.incrementAndGet();
-        ObjectMesh.Bounds bounds = object.mesh().bounds();
-        boolean cutting = layerCut.isCutting();
-        int highestShownY = bounds.minY() + layerCut.shownLayerCount() - 1;
         Set<String> seeThrough = seeThroughTypes;
         loader.execute(() -> {
             if (revision != meshRevision.get()) {
                 return;
             }
-            ObjectMesh mesh = !cutting && seeThrough.isEmpty()
+            ObjectMesh mesh = seeThrough.isEmpty()
                     ? object.mesh()
-                    : ObjectMesh.build(cutting ? blocksUpTo(object.blocks(), highestShownY) : object.blocks(), this::modelOf, bounds,
+                    : ObjectMesh.build(object.blocks(), this::modelOf, object.mesh().bounds(),
                     block -> seeThrough.contains(block.getMaterial().getKey().getKey()));
             EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
                 if (revision == meshRevision.get() && shown == object) {
-                    viewport.replaceMesh(mesh);
-                    showMeshSummary(mesh);
+                    wholeMesh = mesh;
+                    showLayerCut();
                 }
             });
         });
     }
 
-    private static Map<BlockVector, BlockData> blocksUpTo(Map<BlockVector, BlockData> blocks, int highestY) {
-        Map<BlockVector, BlockData> below = new HashMap<>();
-        blocks.forEach((position, block) -> {
-            if (position.getBlockY() <= highestY) {
-                below.put(position, block);
-            }
-        });
-        return below;
+    private void showLayerCut() {
+        if (wholeMesh == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        int highestShownY = wholeMesh.bounds().minY() + layerCut.shownLayerCount() - 1;
+        ObjectMesh mesh = layerCut.isCutting() ? wholeMesh.cutAbove(highestShownY) : wholeMesh;
+        viewport.replaceMesh(mesh);
+        showMeshSummary(mesh);
     }
 
     private void showFailure(long revision, String key, Throwable error) {

core/src/main/java/com/volmit/iris/core/gui/ObjectMesh.java

@@ -32,11 +32,15 @@ import java.util.function.Predicate;
 /**
  * The faces of an object's blocks that can be seen from outside. A face is left out when the neighbour on its side
  * covers that side, which is most of them in a large object. See-through faces, like water and stained glass, are
- * kept apart because they are drawn last, blended over everything behind them.
+ * kept apart because they are drawn last, blended over everything behind them. Top faces covered only by the block
+ * above are kept aside too, so the top layers can be cut away without building the mesh again; what is cut away stays
+ * as a faint ghost of the object's shape.
  */
-record ObjectMesh(List<Quad> solidQuads, List<Quad> translucentQuads, Bounds bounds) {
+record ObjectMesh(List<Quad> solidQuads, List<Quad> translucentQuads, List<Quad> cutAwayQuads, List<Quad> topsUnderBlockAbove,
+                  Bounds bounds) {
     private static final double SEE_THROUGH_OPACITY = 0.22D;
     private static final double FULL_OPACITY = 1D;
+    private static final double CUT_AWAY_OPACITY = 0.1D;
 
     static ObjectMesh build(Map<BlockVector, BlockData> blocks, Function<BlockData, BlockModel> modelOf) {
         return build(blocks, modelOf, Bounds.of(blocks.keySet()), block -> false);
@@ -50,25 +54,57 @@ record ObjectMesh(List<Quad> solidQuads, List<Quad> translucentQuads, Bounds bou
                             Predicate<BlockData> isSeeThrough) {
         List<Quad> solid = new ArrayList<>();
         List<Quad> translucent = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<Quad> topsUnderBlockAbove = new ArrayList<>();
         for (Map.Entry<BlockVector, BlockData> entry : blocks.entrySet()) {
             BlockVector position = entry.getKey();
             BlockData block = entry.getValue();
             BlockModel model = modelOf.apply(block);
             boolean seeThrough = isSeeThrough.test(block);
             for (Face face : model.faces()) {
-                if (isHiddenByNeighbour(blocks, modelOf, isSeeThrough, position, block, model, face)) {
-                    continue;
-                }
                 Quad quad = new Quad(face, position.getBlockX(), position.getBlockY(), position.getBlockZ(),
                         seeThrough ? SEE_THROUGH_OPACITY : FULL_OPACITY);
-                (seeThrough || face.texture().isTranslucent() ? translucent : solid).add(quad);
+                if (!isHiddenByNeighbour(blocks, modelOf, isSeeThrough, position, block, model, face)) {
+                    (quad.isBlended() ? translucent : solid).add(quad);
+                } else if (face.cullFace() == CubeFace.UP) {
+                    topsUnderBlockAbove.add(quad);
+                }
             }
         }
-        return new ObjectMesh(List.copyOf(solid), List.copyOf(translucent), bounds);
+        return new ObjectMesh(List.copyOf(solid), List.copyOf(translucent), List.of(), List.copyOf(topsUnderBlockAbove), bounds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This mesh with the blocks above the given layer faded to a ghost of the object's shape, and the tops of that
+     * layer's blocks showing again. Quick enough to follow a slider as it moves.
+     */
+    ObjectMesh cutAbove(int highestShownY) {
+        List<Quad> solid = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<Quad> translucent = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<Quad> cutAway = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (Quad quad : solidQuads) {
+            keepOrCutAway(quad, highestShownY, solid, cutAway);
+        }
+        for (Quad quad : translucentQuads) {
+            keepOrCutAway(quad, highestShownY, translucent, cutAway);
+        }
+        for (Quad quad : topsUnderBlockAbove) {
+            if (quad.y() == highestShownY) {
+                (quad.isBlended() ? translucent : solid).add(quad);
+            }
+        }
+        return new ObjectMesh(solid, translucent, cutAway, List.of(), bounds);
+    }
+
+    private static void keepOrCutAway(Quad quad, int highestShownY, List<Quad> kept, List<Quad> cutAway) {
+        if (quad.y() <= highestShownY) {
+            kept.add(quad);
+        } else {
+            cutAway.add(quad.faded(CUT_AWAY_OPACITY));
+        }
     }
 
     boolean isEmpty() {
-        return solidQuads.isEmpty() && translucentQuads.isEmpty();
+        return solidQuads.isEmpty() && translucentQuads.isEmpty() && cutAwayQuads.isEmpty();
     }
 
     int faceCount() {
@@ -102,6 +138,14 @@ record ObjectMesh(List<Quad> solidQuads, List<Quad> translucentQuads, Bounds bou
      * A model face placed at a block in the object, drawn at the given opacity on top of its texture's own.
      */
     record Quad(Face face, int x, int y, int z, double opacity) {
+        boolean isBlended() {
+            return opacity < FULL_OPACITY || face.texture().isTranslucent();
+        }
+
+        Quad faded(double factor) {
+            return new Quad(face, x, y, z, opacity * factor);
+        }
+
         double originX() {
             return x + face.origin().x();
         }

core/src/main/java/com/volmit/iris/core/gui/ObjectRenderer.java

@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ import java.util.List;
 
 /**
  * Draws an object mesh with an orthographic camera into a picture, without a graphics card: each quad is filled pixel
- * by pixel, and a depth buffer keeps the nearest one. See-through quads come last, farthest first, each blended over
+ * by pixel, and a depth buffer keeps the nearest one. A cut-away part's faint ghost only fills pixels the object
+ * leaves empty, so it never hazes over what is shown. See-through quads come last, farthest first, each blended over
  * what is already drawn.
  */
 final class ObjectRenderer {
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ final class ObjectRenderer {
     private final int height;
     private final int[] pixels;
     private final double[] depths;
+    private final boolean[] showsObject;
     private final Projection projection;
 
     private ObjectRenderer(ObjectMesh mesh, ObjectCamera camera, BufferedImage image, int coveredLeftWidth) {
@@ -58,6 +60,7 @@ final class ObjectRenderer {
         this.height = image.getHeight();
         this.pixels = ((DataBufferInt) image.getRaster().getDataBuffer()).getData();
         this.depths = new double[pixels.length];
+        this.showsObject = new boolean[pixels.length];
         this.projection = new Projection(mesh.bounds(), camera, width, height, coveredLeftWidth);
     }
 
@@ -72,10 +75,13 @@ final class ObjectRenderer {
         Arrays.fill(renderer.depths, Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
         renderer.drawGrid(mesh.bounds());
         for (ObjectMesh.Quad quad : mesh.solidQuads()) {
-            renderer.drawQuad(quad, false);
+            renderer.drawQuad(quad, Pass.SOLID);
+        }
+        for (ObjectMesh.Quad quad : mesh.cutAwayQuads()) {
+            renderer.drawQuad(quad, Pass.CUT_AWAY_GHOST);
         }
         for (ObjectMesh.Quad quad : renderer.farthestFirst(mesh.translucentQuads())) {
-            renderer.drawQuad(quad, true);
+            renderer.drawQuad(quad, Pass.BLENDED);
         }
         return image;
     }
@@ -131,7 +137,7 @@ final class ObjectRenderer {
     }
 
     // Later faces win ties, so an overlay drawn on the same box, like grass on a grass block's side, shows on top.
-    private void drawQuad(ObjectMesh.Quad quad, boolean blended) {
+    private void drawQuad(ObjectMesh.Quad quad, Pass pass) {
         Face face = quad.face();
         if (!projection.facesCamera(face.normal().x(), face.normal().y(), face.normal().z())) {
             return;
@@ -182,7 +188,7 @@ final class ObjectRenderer {
                 }
                 int index = rowStart + x;
                 double depth = originDepth + alongU * edgeUDepth + alongV * edgeVDepth;
-                if (depth < depths[index]) {
+                if (depth < depths[index] || (pass == Pass.CUT_AWAY_GHOST && showsObject[index])) {
                     continue;
                 }
                 int texelX = columns.texelAt(mapping.u() + alongU * mapping.uAlongU() + alongV * mapping.uAlongV());
@@ -192,12 +198,13 @@ final class ObjectRenderer {
                     continue;
                 }
                 int color = BlockPreviewColors.shade(texels[texel], shade);
-                if (blended) {
+                if (pass != Pass.SOLID) {
                     pixels[index] = blend(color, pixels[index], (alphas == null ? 1D : alphas[texel] / FULL_ALPHA) * quad.opacity());
                     continue;
                 }
                 depths[index] = depth;
                 pixels[index] = color;
+                showsObject[index] = true;
             }
         }
     }
@@ -314,4 +321,10 @@ final class ObjectRenderer {
             return depthStep(normalX, normalY, normalZ) > 0D;
         }
     }
+
+    private enum Pass {
+        SOLID,
+        CUT_AWAY_GHOST,
+        BLENDED
+    }
 }