switch to vcpkg+cmake, add debian build to workflows

using lionkor's template (MIT licensed)

This is a combination of 64 commits.

cmake/StandardSettings.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# Modified, original version from https://github.com/filipdutescu/modern-cpp-template (Unlicense)
+
+option(${PROJECT_NAME}_WARNINGS_AS_ERRORS "Treat compiler warnings as errors." OFF)
+option(${PROJECT_NAME}_CHECKOUT_GIT_SUBMODULES "If git is found, initialize all submodules." ON)
+option(${PROJECT_NAME}_ENABLE_UNIT_TESTING "Enable unit tests for the projects (from the `test` subfolder)." ON)
+option(${PROJECT_NAME}_ENABLE_CLANG_TIDY "Enable static analysis with Clang-Tidy." OFF)
+option(${PROJECT_NAME}_ENABLE_CPPCHECK "Enable static analysis with Cppcheck." OFF)
+# TODO Implement code coverage
+# option(${PROJECT_NAME}_ENABLE_CODE_COVERAGE "Enable code coverage through GCC." OFF)
+option(${PROJECT_NAME}_ENABLE_DOXYGEN "Enable Doxygen documentation builds of source." OFF)
+
+# Generate compile_commands.json for clang based tools
+set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS ON)
+
+# Export all symbols when building a shared library
+if(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
+    set(CMAKE_WINDOWS_EXPORT_ALL_SYMBOLS OFF)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_VISIBILITY_PRESET hidden)
+    set(CMAKE_VISIBILITY_INLINES_HIDDEN 1)
+endif()
+
+option(${PROJECT_NAME}_ENABLE_LTO "Enable Interprocedural Optimization, aka Link Time Optimization (LTO)." OFF)
+if(${PROJECT_NAME}_ENABLE_LTO)
+    include(CheckIPOSupported)
+    check_ipo_supported(RESULT result OUTPUT output)
+    if(result)
+        set(CMAKE_INTERPROCEDURAL_OPTIMIZATION TRUE)
+    else()
+        message(SEND_ERROR "IPO is not supported: ${output}.")
+    endif()
+endif()
+
+option(${PROJECT_NAME}_ENABLE_CCACHE "Enable the usage of Ccache, in order to speed up rebuild times." ON)
+find_program(CCACHE_FOUND ccache)
+if(CCACHE_FOUND)
+    set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY RULE_LAUNCH_COMPILE ccache)
+    set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY RULE_LAUNCH_LINK ccache)
+endif()
+
+option(${PROJECT_NAME}_ENABLE_SANITIZER "Enable sanitizer to detect memory errors, undefined behavior, etc. (slows down the executable)." OFF)
+if(${PROJECT_NAME}_ENABLE_SANITIZER)
+    add_compile_options(-fsanitize=address,undefined)
+    add_link_options(-fsanitize=address,undefined)
+endif()